本文在对社会转型期、公共政策及其价值取向等基本概念进行理论分析的基础上，对1978年以来社会转型期中国政府公共政策的价值取向进行了比较详细的历史考察；在客观评价这一时期中国政府公共政策实际效果的前提下，从公共政策价值取向的角度分析了导致社会不公的原因并提出了一些解决问题的建议。第一章是导言。主要介绍论文的选题背景、研究意义与研究目的；论文结构及研究内容、研究方法；论文的创新点。第二章是基本理论概述。主要介绍社会转型、公共政策及其价值取向的基本理论以及三者之间的辩证关系。 第三章是历史分析。主要研究社会转型期中国公共政策价值取向的发展演变过程。本文认为，新中国公共政策价值取向的历史演变可划分为五个阶段：1949——1978年毛泽东的社会公平思想主导政府的公共政策阶段；1978——1988年主导中国公共政策的邓小平先富与共富思想；1989——1991年中国公共政策价值取向的摇摆；1992——2002年主导中国公共政策的“效率优先、兼顾公平”的思想；2003年以来强调科学发展观，强调更加注重社会公平和构建社会主义和谐社会的理论。第四章是现状分析。在总体上肯定改革开放以来中国经济和社会持续快速发展的前提下，重点分析了贫富差距不断拉大的客观状况；分析了中国转型期教育、医疗和住房等突出问题以及社会弱势群体的状况。第五章是原因分析。主要从公共政策价值取向的角度剖析了导致社会不公的原因。如公共权力在公共政策中公平理念的缺失，即机会公平、规则公平和结果公平的缺失以及弱势群体在公共政策中利益表达与利益采纳的缺失是造成社会不公问题的重要原因。第六章是对策与建议。主要从公共政策价值取向的角度初步提出了解决社会不公的对策。笔者认为，在新的历史发展阶段，执政党必须主动、及时地调整公共政策的价值取向，把公平和公正作为当代中国公共政策的基本价值取向；正确处理公平与效率的关系，在公共政策中坚持“公平优先、兼顾效率”；以公平为导向建构我国的公共政策，把公平作为公共政策制定的价值依据和基础，在公共政策执行中遵守公平原则，使公平精神贯穿于公共政策的全过程，真正使公平与正义成为社会主义国家制度的首要价值。为此，必须扩大政治民主，重建弱势群体在公共政策中的利益表达与利益采纳机制，改革公共官员政绩考核制度，构建公共服务型政府等。

On the basis of theoretical analysis of Social transformation, public policy and value orientation, there is a detailed historical investigation on China's public policy value orientation since 1978; On the basis of objective analysis of public policy’s actual effect, from the value-oriented perspective this paper analyzes the causes of social injustice and proposes some countermeasures and ponders.The first chapter is the introduction. It includes the selected topic background, meaning and purpose of the study; structure and research content, research methods; and the innovations. The second chapter outlines the basic theory. It includes social transformation, public policy and its value orientation elementary theory as well as three between dialectical relations.The third chapter is the historical analysis. It intrduces developing process of China's public policy value orientation from the historical order by the thought and policy angle. New China’s history may be divided into five stages: 1949-1978, MaoZedong’s fairness thought and policy; 1978-1988, Deng Xiaoping’s first rich and common enrichment theory and policy; 1989-1991, public policy value orientation swings; 1992-2002, “efficiency first, then fairness” thought and policy; Since 2003 more emphasis on the concept of social justice idea and policy, and the harmonious social theory.The fourth chapter is the present situation analysis. Under the premise China's economic and social sustainable and rapid development on the whole since the reform and opening up, this paper analyzes the objective condition of the ever-widening gap; China's education, medical and housing problems in transformation perild as well as the objective situation of the disadvantaged groups in society.The fifth chapter is the reason analysis. Mainly from public policy value orientation angle, the paper analyzes the reason of social injustice: the lack of public authority's fairness idea in public policy and the loss the expression and adoption of interest of disadvantaged groups in public policy.The sixth chapter is the countermeasure and suggestions. Mainly from public policy value orientation angle the paper proposes preliminary settlement of social injustice: at the new stage of historical development, public authority must initiative and timely adjust public policy values, put fairness and justice basic values in contemporary China's public policy; correctly handle the fairness and efficiency, in public policy we must adhere to the "Fairness first, then efficiency"; we must take fairness as the guidance constructs in public policy, put fairness as public policy's basis. In the implementation of public policies, we must comply with the principle of fairness and puts fairness spirit in the whole process of public policy. Also, we truly make fairness and justice as the primary value of the socialist state. So, we must expand democracy and focus on rebuilding the mechanisms of the expression and adoption of interests in public policy of disadvantaged groups, reforming public officials performance assessment system, building public service government, and so on.