同类义符是表示同一个意义范畴的义符，在构字时通常指称同类事物、相似性状或相关行为，构形上具有形体衍生关系。本文拟从“手”类义符及其所构字入手，对古文字同类义符的共时分布和历时演变情况展开研究，揭示其从甲骨文到小篆构字、构形和构意方面的变化规律。文章主体共分为三个部分：第一，界定“手”类义符的概念，详细描写甲骨文和小篆“手”类义符系统的义符数量、构字频度、构形分类和构意特征，比较两个平面系统的相似与不同；第二，总结“手”类义符及其所构字的历时演变情况，主要包括义符构字的通用与定型、构字演变的途径，以及其中蕴含的“手”类个体义符与群体关系的变化信息；第三，在前文基础上，系统讨论古文字同类义符的演变规律，探究同类义符与部首生成、构形系统和汉民族文化认知的关系，总结同类义符在古文字发展过程中的关键作用，以期深化对汉字形义系统与发展历程的认识.
 

Synonymous symbols are symbols that represent the same category of meaning. They usually refer to the same kind of things, similar characters or related behaviors when constructing characters, and have a form derived relationship. This article aims to study the synchronic distribution and diachronic evolution of synonymous symbols in ancient Chinese characters, and reveal the pattern of changes from oracle bone script to small seal script. The main body of the article is divided into three parts. Firstly, defining the concept of hand-related symbols, describing in detail the number, frequency, morphology and meaning of these symbols in the oracle bone and small seal script, and comparing the similarities and differences between the two systems. Secondly, summarizing the evolution of hand-related symbols and its constituent characters over time, including the generalization and stereotypes of the constituent characters, the ways of their evolution, and the information on the changes of individual symbols and the groups contained in them. Thirdly, on the basis of the previous paper, we systematically discuss the relationship between synonymous symbols and the generation of radicals, the morphological system and the cultural cognition of the Chinese people, in order to deeply understand the development process of Chinese characters.