发展实质上是人的发展，是人力资本价值增进和人类可行能力扩展的过程。人人享有健康长寿、接受教育和过上体面生活的自由是人类社会发展的重要目标。从人本发展的视角来看，健康既是一种社会自由，也是社会自由实现的一种最基本形式。人人享有健康是世界各国普遍追求的社会目标，也是衡量一个国家或地区人本发展水平的重要标志。作为一个未富先老、工伤频发、青少年身心健康堪忧的发展中人口大国，中国人口健康问题并未因技术进步、经济增长和社会保障变革等方面的努力及成就而得到缓解，反而在人口结构转变、疾病模式逆转、经济发展非均衡和健康风险加大等因素引发的健康转型背景下变得日趋复杂和严峻。如何借鉴国际经验、立足本土国情，将经济发展成果转化为人人享有尽可能高水平的健康是摆在我们面前的一个现实问题。本文将健康放在人类经济社会发展的宏观大视野中，以人本发展的视角切入，对国民健康发展的含义及促进国民健康发展的动因进行了系统的理论梳理，初步形成一个包括“国民健康总体发展水平”“国民健康社会经济基础”、“国民健康医疗卫生条件”和“国民健康个人环境影响”四个维度的理论分析框架。其中，第一个维度从国民健康发展的结果层面反映了当前国民健康的总体水平，其余三个维度从国民健康发展的动因层面反映了促进国民健康发展的动力大小。在此基础上本文构建了四维国民健康发展指数（NHDI），通过对世界112个样本国家国民健康发展指数的测算与比较分析，确认中国在包括“高国民健康发展型”、“中等国民健康发展型”和“低国民健康发展型”三类国家分布格局中的大致方位。同时，本文以国民健康总体发展水平这一维度指数为因变量，其余三个动因维度上各个指标为自变量进行逐步回归，进一步分析了国民健康发展动因维度上各指标变量对国民健康总体水平的影响程度。最后特别针对中国国民健康发展指数及其在国际比较中的相对位置，提出中国国民健康发展的未来趋势及战略选择，以期为中国实施人力资源强国战略提供指导与参考。 本文的基本结论是：国民健康发展不仅是平均预期寿命的延长，还涉及生活质量的提高和不同社会经济群体之间健康差距的缩小；国民健康发展受社会经济基础、医疗卫生条件和个人环境影响三重动因驱动。测算结果显示，中国属于“中等国民健康发展型”国家，在第一个维度上，国民健康总体发展水平指数排名第35位；但在第四个维度上，国民健康个人环境影响方面表现落后，排名第96位。鉴于此，中国应立足“人口多、素质低、发展非均衡”的基本国情和现实条件，实施“以人为本、投资健康”、“平等良治、扶贫优先”的健康投资战略，保基本、强基层，建立基于市场化配置机制的新型医疗保障体系。此外，突出强调人的主体地位，国民健康的维护与增进应以个人的调节恢复为主，以适宜的医疗卫生技术为辅；国民健康发展不仅需要基本的物质条件，还需要精神满足与实质自由。中国国民生活满意度低、劳动参与率较高，回归结果显示低生活满意度和高劳动参与率不利于国民健康发展，所以关注国民的精神需求，加强心理关怀，提高国民工作胜任能力与生活满意度，是中国当前亟须重点改善的方面。当然，由于国民健康发展的影响因素错综而复杂，而健康投资更是一个社会利益群体相互博弈的公共选择过程，本文在研究视角、方法和数据采集上都存在不少局限，其研究结论也有待实践检验。

Development is essentially a human development, is the process of improving the value of human capital and extending human capability. The freedom of pursuing health, education and decent life for all is the important target of the human society development. In the view of human development, health is a social liberty, and is a basic form of the achievement of social freedom. Everyone has the right of health is a universal social pursuit, and is an important index of the levels of human development for a country or a region. As a developing country with the most population and many serious social phenomenon such as being old before rich, frequent industrial injuries, the physical and mental health of the youth is worried, the health problem of China is not relived following the efforts and achievements in progress of technology, growth of economic and change of social security, but more complex and serious under the background of transformation of health due to the change of population's structure, to the reversion of disease's mode, to the imbalanced development of economic and to the increasing of health's risk.How to use the international experience, based on the local condition, to change the economical achievements to the higher level of health is a real problem. This thesis will put health into the macro-view of the development of human economic and society, and begin with the view of human development, explore the definition and the motivation of national health development, try to form primarily a four-dimension theory framework, including the total status of national health development, the social and economical foundations of national health development, the medical condition of national health development and the personal environment impact of national health development. The first dimension reflects the total level of national health development, and the remains three reflect the propulsion of national health development from the aspect of the motivations. Based on the fact the thesis constructs a four- dimension index of national health development, and then by measuring and comparing the national health development index of 112 sample countries, we localize the position of China in the distributions of the whole world, which is divided into three levels--high national health development, medium national health development and low national health development. At the same time, the thesis takes the first dimension-total status index of national health development as dependent variable and other three dimensions as independent variables to do the stepwise regression, in order to analysis the influence of these indexes to the total status of national health development. At last, special to the level of Chinese national health development and the relative position in the whole world, we propose some future trends and strategic choice of the development of Chinese national health, in order to give some guides and consultations to the power of China through human resources strategy.The basic conclusion of the thesis is as follows. National health development does not only display in the extension of life expectancy, but also refer to the improvement of the quality of life and to the deflation of the health gap between different socio-economic groups. National health development is driven by three factors---social economic foundations, medial conditions and personal environmental impact. Calculation shows that China belongs to the medium national health development countries; on the first dimension, the total status of national health development is arranged in the 35th position, but on the fourth dimension, the personal environmental impact of national health development is behindhand, which is arranged in the 96th position. In view of this, a huge population of low quality and imbalanced development is the fundamental realities of China. Human oriented investment in health, according to the principle of equality and anti-poverty priority, strengthening the based, establishing the new medical security system of human resources based on the mechanism of market allocation, are the basic directions and strategic goals of building a country of profound human resources by improving health status. In addition, we should emphasize the principal status of person. For the preserve and promotion of the national health we should give priority to the regulation of personal recovery, and take appropriate medical technology as a supplement. National health development requires not only basic material conditions, but also the satisfaction of the spirit and substantial freedom. The low satisfaction of life and high labor participation of China is unfavorable to the development of national health, so we should be concerned about the spiritual needs of citizens, strengthen the psychological care, and improve their competence of work and satisfaction of life. Of course, due to the complexity of the effects of national health development, and to that the investment in health is a public selecting process of social benefit clusters, there are some limitations on the methods and the collections of data in this thesis, and the conclusion is needed to test in practice.