本文的研究对象是乾嘉时期的唐宋八大家古文评点，探讨的核心问题是这些评点的理论价值及其学术动因。全文除绪论与余论外，共分五章。

第一章综论此期唐宋八大家古文评点的特色。评点这种综合性的批评样态，至此期充分发展，形成了相对成熟的批评模式，出现了继明末之后的又一个评点“再盛期”。此期古文评点的文本依附性很强，兼具章句、注疏、选本、摘句、点将录、排行榜等多种批评功能，同时也形成了简雅整饬、术语丰富的语言系统和点到为止、片言启悟的核心表达方式。这批评点文献以资举业的趋同性，推广着“以古文为时文”的传统路径，使时文品格长期在“正”与“尊”的矛盾中演进。

第二、三、四章分别从知识结构、思维特征、表达方式三个层面考察古文评点在文论、理学、朴学三种语境中发生的关系。

从知识结构上看，此期的古文评点热衷于探讨文法师承关系，唐宋八大家的地位也处于波动之中，柳宗元与苏轼的地位备受争议。这种表象背后的实质是唐宋文统内部的分化，作为“主旋律”的文道因素，受到文学性、经世性等多种因素的干扰。从宋明理学而来的“道”“气”论，以及由此形成的道德理想主义“醇”的观念，都是此期古文评点的重要话语来源。而受朴学风气影响，此期的唐宋八大家古文评点已多数认可古文写作准确性、思想性和经世性的追求。通过对唐宋八大家古文的揣摩和学习，评点家一方面从中汲取写作经验，一方面也重塑着这些古文的“经术之文”“史笔之文”等特质，树立追求精当、密实的新风尚。

从思维特征上看，此期唐宋八大家古文评点也有多方面的来源。此期的古文评点与文话著作都热衷于建构唐宋八大家古文上接秦汉经典的师法关系，这既是“六经皆文”思潮推动的结果，也蕴含了此期士人的“文儒”理想。这些评点在展开过程中非常注重细读，归根结底，这与长期以来朱熹注重思辨的理学思维有关。而在朴学风气的影响下，古文评点的思维也更加注重“互相发明”，出现了大量考据型评点。

从表达方式上看，乾嘉时期古文评点与文话存在大量共有的批评话语，形成了“文话型评点”或“评点型文话”的特殊文献，加速了唐宋八大家古文的模式化和古文评点的程式化。效率与交际需求等社会性因素，进一步使古文批评从文化精英下移至普通士人。而评点中寓教于譬的言说策略，是使评点语言发展出独立的批评术语的重要方式。这种方式，曾得益于理学的教学，至清代则逐渐向其他相关的艺术或技术领域取得评鉴经验，呈现出博通与雅化的批评话语特征。最后，此期古文评点的重要诠释策略是集评，但较之明末清初已有求实求精的明显变化。他们试图采取“以集为评”“述中求作”的方式来评点，呈现出了“退热”态势。这些变化，可能受到了朴学著述重因循而不重独创的风气影响。

第五章分别从文论、理学、朴学三种语境对乾嘉时期重要的唐宋八大家古文评点进行了个案考察。第一节以刘大櫆与姚鼐的评点转型为例，探讨了此期古文评点背后在文论语境的一个明显变化，即由偏重审美而兼重学问。第二节以《唐宋文醇》为例，探讨文统、道统与治统之关系。乾隆君臣之所以共同选择唐宋古文来贯彻新朝的治道理念，是因为这些文章恰与乾隆帝抱持文章“以气为主”的文学观念相契合。第三节以焦循《柳文》评点为案例，探讨古文评点中“文”“学”交流的问题。焦循将柳宗元的文人形象重塑为通儒，树立了辞章与经学兼擅的文儒典型，对当时以考据学为主的儒林有救弊意义。

结论部分继续从纵向角度深入探讨乾嘉时期唐宋八大家古文评点“集大成”的特征，及其对此后文章典范树立产生的深刻影响。至少在民国前三十年，散文批评与写作“文宗八家”的取向成为了历史选择的主流。

本文尽可能全面搜集和整理此期的唐宋八大家古文评点文献，采取“三个层面、三种语境、三个个案”的思路展开系统研究，以文献整理、理论专题与典型个案相结合的方式，推进评点研究在材料、方法、观点方面的前进。本文认为，乾嘉时期盛极一时的古文评点，进一步巩固和加强了唐宋八大家古文在明中后期以后确立的经典地位。这些古文评点不只是传统文论的分支，其知识结构、思维特征、表达方式的背后都饱蘸着理学、朴学等丰厚的学术内蕴。时人对“六经皆文”、“醇”的道德主义理想、文章与学问的关系、文章与经世的关系、述作关系等重要论题的思考，都被融入到了具体的批评实践当中，使古文评点成为乾嘉时期文论不可割舍的重要部分。当然，本文论述主要基于存世评点展开，在文献方面难免挂漏，在视角与语境方面也难以全面，这都将有待于日后进一步深入和完善。

 The research object of this paper is the tang and Song dynasty ancient literary commentaries of the Qian Long and Jia Qing period, and the core issue discussed is the theoretical value of these comments and their academic motives. The whole text is divided into five chapters, in addition to the introduction and the aftermath.

The first chapter summarizes the characteristics of the ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties during the Qian Long and Jia Qing period. This comprehensive style of criticism of appraisal was fully developed by the Qian Long and Jia Qing period, forming a relatively mature mode of criticism, and another "re-hey period" of appraisal after the end of the Ming Dynasty appeared. The text of this issue of ancient literature commentaries is highly dependent, with a variety of critical functions such as chapters and sentences, annotations, selected texts, excerpts, point generals, and rankings, and also forms a concise and neat language system with rich terminology and a core expression method of enlightenment. Most of the literature on this criticism point has the common characteristics of "taking the ancient text as the timely text" and serving the writing of the imperial examination, and has a strong pertinence and practicality.

Chapters 2, 3 and 4 examine the relationship between ancient literary criticism in the three contexts of literary theory, science and simplicity from the three levels of viewpoint and knowledge, thinking and behavior, and language and expression.

From the perspective of concept and knowledge, the ancient literary commentaries in this issue are keen to explore the relationship between the literary masters, the status of the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties is also fluctuating, and the status of Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi is controversial. The essence behind this appearance is the differentiation within the Tang and Song dynasties, and the literary factors that serve as the "main theme" are interfered with by various factors such as literature and worldliness. The theories of "Tao" and "Qi" derived from Song Ming's theory, as well as the concept of moral idealism "alcohol" formed from it, are important sources of discourse for the commentaries of ancient texts in this period. Influenced by the puxue ethos, most of the eight ancient literary commentaries of the Tang and Song dynasties in this period have recognized that ancient writing needs to be accurate, ideological and worldly. Through the speculation and study of the ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties, commentators draw writing experience from them on the one hand, and on the other hand, reshape the characteristics of these ancient texts such as "scriptures" and "historical writings", and establish a new trend of pursuing refinement and compactness.

From the perspective of thinking and behavior, the ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties in the Qian Long and Jia Qing period also have many sources. The ancient literary commentaries and literary works in this issue are keen to construct the teaching and method relationship between the Eight Ancient Texts of the Tang and Song Dynasties and the Qin and Han Classics, which is not only the result of the promotion of the "Six Classics and Texts" ideological trend, but also contains the "Wen Confucian" ideal of the scholars in this period. These comments are very carefully read in the process of unfolding, and in the final analysis, this is related to the influence of Zhu Xi's long-term theoretical way of thinking and method of governance that focuses on inner experience. Under the influence of the puxue atmosphere, the thinking of ancient literature commentaries has also undergone a new change of focusing on "mutual invention", and a large number of evidence-based comments have emerged.

From the perspective of language and expression, there were a large number of common criticism discourses between ancient chinese commentaries and literary dialects in the Qian Long and Jia Qing period, forming special criticism literature such as "literary commentaries" or "commentaries-type literary dialects", which accelerated the modeling of the eight ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties and the stylization of the ancient literary commentaries. Social factors such as efficiency, market, and world conditions have further moved ancient criticism from the cultural elite to ordinary scholars. The edutainmental strategy of discourse in the appraisal is an important way for the appraisal language to develop independent critical terms. In this way, it benefited from the teaching of science, and in the Qing Dynasty, it gradually gained evaluation experience from other related fields of art or technology, showing the characteristics of the critical discourse of Broadcom and Yahua. Finally, the important interpretation strategy of this issue of ancient Chinese commentaries is collective commentary, but compared with the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there have been obvious changes in seeking truth and refinement. They tried to take the method of "taking the set as the evaluation" and "seeking to do in the narrative" to evaluate the points, showing a "depyretic" situation. These changes may have been influenced by the atmosphere of Pu Xue's writings that emphasize conformism rather than originality.

The fifth chapter examines the important tang and Song dynasty ancient literary commentaries of the Qian Long and Jia Qing period from the three contexts of literary theory, science, and puxue. The first section takes the transformation of Liu Daxun and Yao Nai's commentaries as an example to explore a significant change in the context of literary theory behind the ancient literary commentaries in this period, that is, from the emphasis on aesthetics to both learning. The second section takes the Tang and Song Dynasties As an example to discuss the relationship between the wen system, the Taoist system and the rule of governance. The reason why the Qianlong monarchs and courtiers jointly chose the ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties to implement the ruling principles of the new dynasty is because these articles are in line with the Qianlong Emperor's literary concept of "focusing on qi" in the articles. The third section takes Jiao Xun's "Liu Wen" commentary as an example to explore the problem of "literature" and "learning" exchange in ancient Chinese commentaries. Jiao Xun reshaped Liu Zongyuan's literati image into Confucianism, and established a typical example of Confucianism that was both good at lexicography and classics, which had a saluting significance for Rulin, who was mainly based on examination and evidence at that time.

The conclusion section continues to explore the characteristics of the eight ancient literary commentaries of the Tang and Song dynasties in the Qian Long and Jia Qing period from a longitudinal perspective, and their profound influence on prose criticism and prose writing after that.

On the basis of trying our best to comprehensively collect the literature of the eight ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties in the Qian Long and Jia Qing period, this paper adopts the idea of "three levels, three contexts, and three individual cases" to carry out systematic research, and tries to make breakthroughs in the research of predecessors by combining theoretical topics with typical cases. This article argues that the reason why the Eight Houses of the Tang and Song Dynasties have always maintained a classic status is closely related to the ancient literary commentaries that flourished in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. These ancient literary commentaries are not only branches of traditional literary theory, but also full of rich academic connotations such as science and simple learning behind their knowledge concepts, thinking methods, and language expressions. Shiren's reflections on important topics such as the moral ideals of "six classics are all texts" and "alcohol", the relationship between articles and learning, the relationship between articles and the world, and the relationship between narratives and works have all been woven into the specific criticism practice, making the ancient literary criticism an inseparable part of the middle Qing Dynasty literary theory. Of course, the discussion in this article is mainly based on the existential evaluation points, which are inevitably leaked in the literature, and it is difficult to be comprehensive in terms of perspective and context, which will need to be further deepened and improved in the future.