姓氏象征着人群血缘系统的遗传性符号，姓氏文化是族群血缘关系的脉络。研究姓氏的发展历程可以追溯一个民族的起源，了解人口迁徙的过程，解读传统文化的传承。定量研究我国不同姓氏人口的分布的工作很少，本文基于2007年公民的身份证信息数据，运用空间统计方法定量研究不同姓氏人口和地域之间的相关程度。结果表明：不同姓氏在全局和局部空间的分布具有明显的聚集现象，并通过Get‘s指标推测姓氏可能的源头，从Moran散点图还可以推测大规模人口迁移事件等。论文还研究了不同姓氏人口的迁移情况，发现人口的迁移和距离存在相关性，称为“人口迁移场”，场半径集中在200-800km左右，在该距离范围内，相关性随距离衰减。本文还研究了不同地区的姓氏累积概率分布呈现拉伸指数截断的幂律分布，大姓符合拉伸指数分布，小姓符合幂律分布。通过探讨姓氏分布与地理隔离的关系发现，在地理隔离明显区域，姓氏分布趋于幂律，相反，地理隔离度较低的地区，姓氏分布将呈指数分布。P(n0)和AND之间的Spearman相关系数达-0.78，这意味着地理隔离严重影响姓氏分布。最后，对地理隔离与姓氏分布的关系进行了定性的解释，并给出了影响地理隔离的一些因素。

The surname is the hereditary symbol of the blood relationship system of the crowd, and the surname culture is the vein of the blood relationship of the ethnic group. The study of the development of surnames can be traced back to the origin of a nation, to explore the process of population migration and to interpret the heritage of traditional culture. The characteristics of our country's population live in settlements, but there is little research on the quantitative measurement of the degree of settlement. Based on the proportion of different surnames in different regions of China in 2007, we used the method of spatial autocorrelation to calculate the population agglomeration situation in China. The results show that the spatial distribution of each surname has obvious regional; every surname has different degrees of agglomeration, the situation is more obvious in popular surname; through the local spatial autocorrelation analysis, we speculated that the birthplace of every surname; through the Moran scatter map that surnames agglomeration characteristics. At the same time, the spatial association of surnames on different spatial distances is also investigated. The spatial correlation in different regions reflects the characteristics of population diffusion in this area. The spatial distribution of Chinese surnames has short range correlation. The distance between different surnames shows spatial correlation is concentrated at 200-800km and the correlation decreases linearly with distance. The paper also studies the cumulative probability distribution of surname in different areas. The surname distribution in all prefectures obeys stretched exponential truncated power law function, and large surnames are stretched-exponential-like distribution, small surnames are power-law-like distribution. We study the relationship between surname distribution and geographic isolation is discussed. It is found that the surname distribution is tend to be power law in significant geographic isolation regions, on the contrary, in regions with less geographic isolation surname distribution will be stretched exponential. The spearman correlation coefficient between P(n0) and AND reached -0.78, which means surname distribution will be seriously affected by geographic isolation. Finally, we give a qualitative explanation of the relationship between geographic isolation and surname distribution, and some factors that affect geographic isolation are given.