亲社会行为是人类生活的基础。在本研究中，为了了解家庭环境和亲子间情绪互动对儿童亲社会行为的重要影响，研究者收集并分析了家庭环境、母亲情绪社会化以及儿童亲社会行为的数据，并使用路径分析方法对相关的中介模型进行了检验。共365名来自中国两省份小学1-3年级儿童的母亲填写了所有测量问卷。研究结果表明儿童所在的家庭环境对儿童的亲社会行为发展有直接的促进作用，而母亲的情绪社会化则部分中介了这一关系。母亲情绪社会化行为的不同效价（支持性、非支持性）起到了不同程度的中介作用，其中支持性情绪社会化行为的中介效应在总效应中占75%。同时，该中介模型在儿童性别以及家庭居住地两变量上均具有分组差异。与女孩相比，男孩的亲社会行为更多地受到家庭环境的直接影响。来自农村的家庭相较于来自城镇的家庭，其家庭亲密度和适应性程度更低，家庭中的母亲更少地采用积极性的情绪社会化行为，这都进一步导致了儿童更少的亲社会行为发生。

Prosocial behavior is the foundation of human life. In this study, family environment, maternal emotion socialization and children’s prosocial behaviors were collected to analyze the importance influence of family and parent-child emotional interaction on children’s prosocial behaviors. Pathway analysis was used to test a mediated model. 365 mothers whose children are in Grade 1-3 of elementary school of China’s two provinces responded to all the measures. Results showed that family environment had direct positive effects on children’s prosocial behaviors, and maternal emotion socialization partially mediated the association. The valence of maternal socialization (supportive or non-supportive) varied the mediating mechanism with supportive socialization behaviors accounted for 75 percent of the whole mediation effect. Besides, child gender and family’s place of residence differentiated the model effects. Compared with girls, family environment has more direct influence on boys’ prosocial behavior. In contrast with urban areas, families in rural areas were less cohesive and adaptable with mothers there adopted less supportive emotion socialization behaviors, which in turn resulted in less prosocial behaviors of children.