“耻感”文化一词来自于美国人类学家鲁斯·本尼迪克特在《菊与刀》中的论述，是日本国民性中的一个重要特征，其核心是日本国民对“耻辱”的恐惧以及对名誉的追求。日本产生“耻感”文化，是受本土地理环境、社会构造、神道教以及传入的中国儒家观念诸多因素的影响。“耻感”文化对于近代日本的崛起具有重要作用，但也推动日本对外扩张，给中国带来巨大灾难。研究“耻感”文化，有利于我们把握日本人种种行为背后的深层精神因素。

The term "shame "culture comes from the discussion of American anthropologist Ruth Benedict in "The Chrysanthemum and the Knife". It is an important feature of Japanese national character, and its core is the fear of "shame" and the pursuit of fame. The culture of "shame" in Japan is influenced by many factors such as local geographical environment, social structure, Shinto religion and Chinese Confucianism. The culture of "shame" played an important role in the rise of modern Japan, but it also promoted Japan's foreign expansion and brought great disasters to China. The study of "shame" culture is helpful for us to grasp the deep spiritual factors behind all kinds of Japanese behaviors.