20 世纪 80 年代初，美国学者格林布拉特提出了新历史主义批评，旨在呈 现历史叙事的多元性。此前法国的阿尔都塞提出了一种结构主义的阅读方法 ——症候阅读。他通过问题式的切换，发现文本的空缺，进而阐发文本的深度价值。显而易见，二者都带有那个时代的深刻烙印，并具有思想的相通性——马克思主义思想的底色。本论文尝试以症候阅读理论，充实与完善新历史主义批评，使二者相互兼容，进而为莎士比亚戏剧研究拓展全新视角。

本论文共分四个部分：

第一部分，对新历史主义批评的历史背景及其优缺点展开分析。

第二部分，基于新历史主义批评的阐发，解读阿尔都塞的症候阅读理论， 并将两者加以融合，构建一种更加便捷的“新历史主义—症候阅读”模式。

第三部分，运用新历史主义—症候阅读方法，阐发莎士比亚的《威尼斯 商人》，一方面检验理论的可行性，另一方面揭示莎士比亚的写作症候。

第四部分为结语，对论文的写作思路与主要观点进行全面回顾与总结。

In the early 1980s, American scholar Greenblatt proposed the New Historicism criticism, aiming to present the multiplicity of historical narratives. Prior to this, the French theorist Althusser introduced a structuralist reading method known as symptomatic reading. Through a questioning approach, he discovered gaps in texts, thus elucidating the deep value within texts. Clearly, both approaches bear the profound imprint of that era and share a commonality of thought rooted in Marxist ideology. This paper attempts to enrich and improve New Historicism criticism through symptomatic reading theory, making them compatible and thereby expanding a new perspective for Shakespearean drama studies.

This paper is divided into four parts:

The first part analyzes the historical background of New Historicism criticism and its advantages and disadvantages.

The second part interprets Althusser's symptomatic reading theory based on New Historicism criticism, integrating the two to establish a more convenient “New Historicism—Symptomatic Reading” model.

The third part applies the New Historicism—Symptomatic Reading method to elucidate Shakespeare's “The Merchant of Venice”, examining the feasibility of the theory while also revealing Shakespeare's symptomatic writing.

The conclusion reviews and summarizes the paper's writing approach and main points comprehensively.