哺乳动物特化的皮肤腺是重要的信息素源，其分泌物有各种通讯作用，如含有个体、性、配偶、社会等级和生殖状况和领域等信息；而且这些信息素还能表明家族信息，能在家族成员之间传达，以表明自己的身份。但是，对皮肤腺的化学成分及其编码的特点研究很少。与家鼠和田鼠的包皮腺（小泡状全泌腺）以及某些松鼠类的肛腺（囊状）不同，大仓鼠（Tscheskia triton）和金仓鼠（Mesocricetus auratus）的胁腺在腰部两侧，雄性大仓鼠的腹中央有明显的局部膨大（主要是毛基部的皮脂腺膨大），形成具有分泌作用的特化气味腺，可以向环境物体上标记其分泌物，进行化学通讯。大仓鼠的胁腺和腹中腺除了已知成年雌雄大小有差异，受到性激素的调控，对其通讯功能和化学成分至今没有报道。本文重点研究了大仓鼠这两个皮肤腺在个体识别、性识别、社会因素和遗传因素对其功能的影响以及相应的化学成分编码特点进行了研究；另外，尽管金仓鼠胁腺在性别、社会等级、亲缘关系等多方面的功能已经有很多研究，但是只有一篇报道涉及其性信息素候选成分的研究；因此，针对已经明确的金仓鼠胁腺在亲缘识别中的表型匹配假说的作用，我们研究了其相应的化学编码机制。为了研究大仓鼠胁腺和腹中腺在个体识别和性识别中的作用及其化学编码特点，我们采用玻璃棒供味方法，测定雌性大仓鼠对雄鼠胁腺和腹中腺的交叉习惯化（cross-habituation）的反应特点和雌雄腺体分泌物的偏好，探讨这两种腺体在个体嗅觉识别和性识别的中的作用；再用GC-MS分析胁腺和腹中腺分泌物的化学成分，并分析个体变异的特点；比较雌雄差异以及阉割对雄鼠胁腺和腹中腺化学成分的影响。结果表明，在交叉习惯化实验中，雌鼠可以对雄鼠胁腺和腹中腺气味产生交叉习惯化，辨别不同气味，但前提是雌鼠必须和雄鼠熟悉，否则就不会产生交叉习惯化，说明雌鼠与雄鼠的社会熟悉或记忆，影响了对异性个体的选择。此外。大仓鼠均偏好异性个体气味。化学分析表明，同一腺体个体间的化学成分存在很大的变异（RSD），而且，两个腺体的分泌物在数量和成分上也存在很大差异。且雌鼠胁腺与雄鼠相比，缺少几种化学物质，即这几种物质是雄鼠特有的，其它共有的化学物质中部分物质在含量上有差异，说明定性编码和定量编码共同存在共同编码性别信息。因此，雌鼠能通过胁腺和腹中腺来个体识别和性识别。而阉割雄鼠的胁腺以及腹中腺与正常雄鼠相比，并没有缺失某种化学物质，但部分化学物质如胁腺成分5-甲基-2-已酮和2,15-十六烷二酮，腹中腺成分庚酸烯丙酯，十二内酯，2-壬酮和1-十九醇含量下降，这些成分可能在传递雄性气味信息方面有更重要的作用。为了研究金仓鼠胁腺成分在家族间的变化及与性成熟的关系，我们采用了GC-MS和Agilent 7890 GC分析胁腺分泌物的化学成分，并探讨化学成分是如何编码金仓鼠性别、年龄以及家族信息。比较成年雄鼠、成年雌鼠、幼年雄鼠和幼年雌鼠化学成分后，结果发现在同龄家族信号比较中，并没有出现家族特有的化学物质，只是家族之间化学物质在含量上有差异，说明定量上的差异编码了家族的信息，但并不是所有化学物质都参与信息编码，而且金仓鼠可能只利用其中少数几种化学物质表明家族信息。其它如十四酸和反14-十五烯酸在幼鼠中不存在，成年后才出现；2,4-二叔丁基苯酚，顺9-十六烯酸的含量在幼年家族间有差异，成年差异消失。此外定性和定量的差异共同编码金仓鼠年龄以及性别信息。

Mammalian skin glands are important pheromone sources, their secretion have a variety of functions, such as with individual, sex, mate, social status, reproductive status and area; they also show that the family information, can communicate between members of the family to show their own identity.Rat-like hamster (Tscheskia triton) and golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) have flank glands on both sides of waist of. Male rat-like hamster have midventral gland which are obviously swelling on part of central abdomen, and can secret compounds to environment for chemical communicating. We have known that there are differences between sex of flank gland and midventral gland of adult rat-like hamster which are regulated by sex hormones, but no researches for their chemical communication and compounds. This article focuses on the effect of individual recognition, sex recognition, social factors and genetic factors on function of the tow glands; in addition, although there are many reports on function of sex, kin, social status flank gland of golden hamster, there is only one report related to sex pheromone; it is clear that golden hamster relies on phenotype matching for kin recognition, so we did our research on its chemical coding.In order to study the function of the two glands in individual recognition, sex recognition, and their chemical coding of rat-like hamster, we adopted cross-habituation and methods of glass rods to test the response to fland gland and midventral gland to determine function of the two glands on individual recognition and sex recognition, then used GC-MS to analyze chemical composition of them and RSD, the differences between male and female, and whether castration have effect to chemical composition of the two glands.The results showed that, females had cross-habituation across flank gland and midventral gland of male, could discriminate different scent, but the effect did not occur if the females had not been familiarized with the male scent donors. We suggested that social familiarization or memories can affect individuals of the opposite sex choice. Additionly, rat-like hamster preferred odor from opposite sex. The chemical analysis showed that the chemical composition of same glands have great RSD among individuals, and there were also significant differences in ingredient and numbers between fland gland and midventral gland. Compared with male’s flank gland, females lacked of several chemical compositions, and there were differences among other common compositions. It seemed that both qualitative and quantitative information coded for sex. Whereas compared with intact males’ glands, there was no lack of certain substances in castrated males, but relative abundances of some compounds like 5-methyl-2-Hexanone and 2,15-hexadecanedione in flank gland, Allyl heptanoate，Dodecalactone，2-Nonanone and 1-Nonadecanol in midventral gland decreased, these compounds may conveyed male odors.In order to study the relation between flank gland secretion and sexual maturation and variation of flank gland secretion in families of golden hamster, we used GC-MS and Agilent 7890 GC to analyze flank gland secretion, explore how chemical compounds code for sex, age and family information. The results showed there were no family-specific chemical compounds among same-age families but different relative abundances, it implied that only quantitative coding for family information. But these compounds were not equally important in coding family information, so golden hamster may only use a few compounds to indicate family information. Tetradecanoic acid and E14-Pentadecanoic acid didn’t exist in juveniles, only in adults; the relative abundances of E5-Dodecen-2-one, Z9-Hexadecenoic acid and Z9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester were different among juvenile famlies, but the differences disappeared among adult families. In addition, both qualitative and quantitative information coded for sex and age information.