随着新一轮课改的实施，新课程对历史教学提出了新的要求。而作为历史教学的重要组成部分历史地图，新课程标准也对其提出了新的目标，即要求学生“在掌握基本历史知识的过程中，逐步形成正确的历史时空概念……识别和使用历史图表等基本技能……形成用图表等形式陈述历史问题的表达能力”。可见，在新课程背景下，对于历史地图的分析和判断是中学生必须具备的技能。然而当前中学生学习历史一个最大的痛处就是时间记不住，空间概念差。针对某一历史事件，学生们不能准确把握它的时间、地点，使得历史学习难上加难，最终导致学生丧失对历史的学习兴趣。而在教学过程中，教师对于历史地图只偏重于作为直观教具使用，只给学生展示一些相关要素，往往忽略了考虑如何培养学生阅读和分析历史地图的能力。因此，在中学历史教学中加强历史地图的应用和学习，培养学生的读图能力是完全有必要的。本文在撰写的过程中主要采取最普遍的文献法和最具代表性的案例分析法。全文分为三个部分，第一部分主要是讲理论，阐述新课程对历史地图教学提出了哪些新的要求以及历史地图的哪些功能和作用有助于实现新课程的要求。后两部分主要讲实践，第二部分讲述了新课程背景下合理应用历史地图的途径和方法以及应注意的问题，第三部分则列举一个完整的教学案例——“第二次世界大战欧洲战场的军事情况”——说明历史地图在历史教学中的应用问题。总之，通过对“新课程背景下中学历史教学中的历史地图”的应用研究，历史教师要提高对历史地图的重视程度，特别是在教学过程中，利用历史地图特有的功能促使学生形成时空史观，使学生知道地图在历史学习中的重要性，从而培养学生的读图能力、空间分析能力以及思维能力，进而提高历史这门学科的社会地位。

With a new round of the curriculum reform's implementation, new requests raised for history teaching. As an important part of history teaching, historical maps, also required to guide student "In the process of mastering the basic knowledge of history, form a correct conception of history time-space…form the basic skills to identifying and using historical charts…form an ability of expression which using the charts to state the historical issues". Therefore, high school students must have the skills of analyzing and judging historical maps in the context of new courses.However, there's one of the biggest sore point for the current high school students, which can't remember the time and can't set the right space concept. For a historical event, students can't hold the time and place accurately, which made the history learning even more difficult, eventually leading to the interest losing of learning. In the teaching process, teachers emphasize the historical maps as visual aids and only show some relevant factors to students, but ignored the developing the students' ability of reading and analyzing the historical maps. Thus, it is absolutely necessary to strengthen the application and learning, cultivate the students' map reading capacity in the high school history teaching process.In this paper, I take one of the most popular literature method and the most characteristic case analysis method. The text is divided into three parts, the first part is mainly about the theory, explains the new curriculum for historical maps teaching put forward what new requirements as well as what functions and roles of the historical maps can help to achieve the new curriculum's requirements. The remaining two parts are mainly about the practice. The second part expounds the ways and methods of application historical maps as well as the problems that should be paid attention to in the new curriculum context. The third part lists a complete teaching case---"The Europe's military situation in the Second world war "---to illustrate the application of the historical maps. In short, through the application research of "The historical maps of high school's history teaching in the new curriculum context", history teachers are required to increase the attention of the historical maps' using, especially in the teaching process, teachers should take advantage of the unique function of the historical maps to promote the students to form history space-time conception, so that students know the importance of the map in learning history, in order to develop students' map reading ability, spatial analysis capabilities and thinking skills, thereby increasing the social status of the discipline of the history.