本研究通过回溯性研究设计，然后使用问卷，本次问卷调查采用分层随机抽样方法，共发放了600份，初一、初二、初三每个级200份，每个级有10个班，每个班发放20份，男生女生各10份，通过实地发放问卷指导学生按其实际锻炼情况填写并当即收回，回收率为100%，有效率为100%。依据此次调查问卷，了解了该校初一学生本学年的体育参与情况以及初二初三学生上一学年与本学年的体育锻炼参与情况。从参与锻炼的年级,性别，项目内容，时长等的特征进行对比分析，得出不同年级不同性别的学生参加课后体育锻炼的变化和差异，分析其产生差异的原因，得出结论：（1）两届初一、初二年级学生中，2022届学生课余锻炼频次和时间均比2021届多和长，学生的课余锻炼时间在增加；（2）三个年级中，初一年级学生锻炼频率最频繁，但每次锻炼时间最少，初三年级则相反，初二年级居中，而在布置体育作业方面初三年级较多，初一、初二年级少，但总体都偏少；（3）男女生对体育锻炼都有着相同的兴趣，但各自喜欢的运动项目不同，男生主要喜欢足篮排等激烈竞争的活动，而女生更专注于跑步做操等娱乐性活动。为促进校园体育文化和谐发展，建议：（1）学校要不断完善校园场地和设施，增加一些有趣的运动项目，推广全校师生运动，提供一个良好的运动环境，让每一名同学都参与到运动中来；（2）提高体育教师专业能力，每节体育课或每周给学生安排适当的体育作业量并进行监督反馈（3）学校和家庭要联合起来帮助学生提高他们的运动兴趣，学校要提供好的运动环境，家庭要创造一个好的体育氛围。

This study through retrospective study design, and then use the questionnaire, the questionnaire using stratified random sampling method, issued 600, the first, second, grade each level 200, each level has 10 classes, each class issued 20,10 boys and girls each, through the field questionnaire guide students to fill out and immediately back, recovery rate is 100%, efficiency of 100%. According to the questionnaire, we learned about the sports participation of the junior high school students in this academic year and the sports participation of the students in the last academic year and this academic year. From the grades participating in the exercise, sex, contents of a project, The characteristics of the comparative analysis, To conclude that the changes and differences of students of different grades and different genders to participate in after-school physical exercise, To analyze the reasons for the difference, Conclusion: (1) among the two sessions of grade one and grade two students, The frequency and time of students in 2022 are more and longer than that of 2021, Students' extracurricular exercise time is increasing; (2) In the three grades, Grade one students exercise the most frequently, But with the least time per exercise, The third grade, on the contrary, In the middle of grade two, And in the assignment of physical education homework in the third grade more, Grade one, grade two is less, But the overall amount is less; (3) Both boys and girls have the same interest in physical exercise, But they like different sports, Boys mainly like the highly competitive activities such as the basketball volleyball, Girls are more focused on recreational activities such as running and doing exercises. In order to promote the harmonious development of campus sports culture, it is suggested: (1) the school should constantly improve the campus venues and facilities, add some interesting sports, promote the teachers and students sports, provide a good sports environment, let every student participate in sports; (2) improve physical education teachers, arrange students every week and supervise feedback (3) the school and family to join together to help students improve their interest in sports, the school should provide good sports environment, the family to create a good sports atmosphere.