中国近年来频发的网络意识形态事件构成了影响普通国民意识形态自我建构的重要信源，也现实地成为审视当前中国国民主流意识形态认同状况的上佳窗口。以爱国主义为表征的国家观念、以共产主义为目标的社会发展理想、以集体主义为价值导向的社会道德观念以及以历史主义为基础的社会历史发展观，是马克思主义理论体系的具体社会观念展开，是中国现有政治体系和国民精神体系的价值支撑，也是中国主流意识形态国民教育的重要内容。本文以爱国主义、共产主义、集体主义和历史主义为网络意识形态事件的议题认知标准，选取近年来发生的四个典型网络意识形态事件作为研究对象，站在“社会—政治—技术—个人”的视阈中，综合运用传播学、政治学、哲学、社会学和心理学等多学科的理论和知识，以事件话语主体的历史信息文本为依据，对事件舆论潜伏、启动、高涨和消退阶段的社会建构进行全面分析，从现象到本质、从具体到抽象，深入讨论影响当代中国国民主流意识形态认同的主要因素，揭示当前中国网络意识形态事件形成过程及其成因，讨论引领网络意识形态事件舆论的基本理念、主要原则和路径，为推动网络时代的意识形态建设工作提供理性参考。 在网络“爱国主义”事件中，国民公民身份认同内涵的一般性和特殊性、历史性和现实性激烈矛盾是先在的主体性条件；具体“越轨性”行为、公众人物身份效应、国民仇富心理、网络社交媒介、高位民族主义情绪以及全景化的爱国行为诉求推动事件舆论成功启动；话语对象的政治立场认定争议、民众潜在的民主话语权利忧虑、历史记忆的网络回放推动事件舆情不断高涨；民间和官方舆论场合流形成的强大舆论压力下的象征性行为带来事件舆情的快速消退。在网络“共产主义”事件中，共产主义主体认同要求与普通民众认知能力之间的内在张力是先在的主体性条件；具体“反叛性”话语行为、共产主义理想的现实价值争议、普通网民的信息接收倾向共同推动事件舆论成功启动；中国特色社会主义制度合理性、话语对象阶层属性与改革开放前后历史关系的现实评说将事件话语引向深入；政府直接信息管控行为释放出的强势信号是事件舆情终止的直接因素。在网络“集体主义”事件中，国民在特殊生存境遇中产生的更加激烈的集体主义认知矛盾是先在的主体性条件；具体“反常性”行为、民众强烈的民主权利意识和集体情感诉求、相关集体失当的道德语言表达是推动事件舆论启动的主要因素；网民依据推演事实评说国家行政机构的非正义性运行推动事件舆论的负向发展；国民强烈的集体道德诉求和更加宽容的道德评价标准、相关集体和行为主体的道德回应和自我反思带来事件舆情的减退。在网络“历史虚无主义”事件中，历史唯物主义和历史虚无主义在国民历史观建构过程中的矛盾性影响是先在的主体性条件；社会个体对历史英雄人物的学术性解构、社会化虚无与传统英雄文化、历史英雄人物书写特征之间的冲突与契合促使了事件舆论启动；社会科学研究的独立性和公民言论自由限度的国民认知差异推动事件舆论走向深入；历史事实证实、认知思维引导与法律权威裁定的有机配合是影响事件舆情消退的主要因素。 综合审视近年来不同话语主题的具体网络意识形态事件的形成过程发现，相对于现实权益诉求型网络事件，网络意识形态事件的形成存在统一的模式：国民普遍存在的价值认知冲突，借助网络媒介特殊的信息传播机制，在具体“脱轨”性行为的客观信息刺激及其行为主体附带的身份效应中完成事件舆论的现实启动，在国民强烈的社会情绪表达需求和网络意见领袖的积极价值引领中实现事件相关话语的价值负载和规模化聚集，在具体行为主体象征性行为的事件回应或相关权威政府组织的事件干预和引导中实现舆情的渐趋消退。站在“社会—政治—技术—个人”的宏观视阈中审视影响网络意识形态事件形成过程的基本因素，当代中国政治文化中的价值虚无主义倾向、现代民主精神、“德法兼备”治理理念等文化因子、当前中国媒介体系中的网络化转向、二元运行机制和现实权力辐射等客观事实对网络意识形态事件话语参与主体—普通网民、意见领袖、传播媒介和政府组织的信息生产和传播行为的深度影响以及民粹主义、意见领袖和推演事实与网络意识形态事件主要话语主体—普通民众信息选择、感知、接受、生产和传播等主体活动之间存在的高度关联，推动了网络意识形态事件的社会化呈现。因此，开展网络意识形态事件舆论引领工作，应坚持“以民为本”的基本理念，坚持权责明晰、主体区分和质量并重的基本原则，将提升国民主导意识形态认知水平、规范媒介组织的信息传播行为和培育专业性的话语责任群体作为重点实践方向。

In recent years, the frequent network ideological events in China constitute an important source of information affecting the self-construction of the ideology of ordinary people, and have become a good window to examine the ideological identity of the current Chinese democratic stream. The concept of state characterized by patriotism, the ideal of social development aimed at communism, the concept of social morality guided by collectivism and the concept of social and historical development based on Historicism are the concrete social concepts of the Marxist theoretical system, the value support of China's existing political system and national spiritual system, and important contents of the mainstream consciousness education of China. This paper takes patriotism, communism, collectivism and historicism as the cognitive criteria of network ideological events, chooses four typical network ideological events in recent years as the research object, stands in the perspective of "society-politics-technology-individual", and integrates the theories of communication, politics, philosophy, sociology and psychology. Knowledge, based on the historical information text of event discourse subject, makes a comprehensive analysis of the social construction in the latent, initiation, upsurge and recession stages of event public opinion from the vertical dimension of time sequence. From phenomena to essence, from concrete to abstract, it deeply discusses the main factors affecting the ideological identity of contemporary Chinese democratic stream, reveals the formation of current Chinese network ideological events, and discusses the basic concepts, main principles and paths that lead the paradox of network ideology events. The process and its causes provide a rational reference for the ideological construction in the network age. In the network event of "patriotism", the intense contradiction between generality and particularity, historicity and reality of the connotation of national citizenship identity is the precondition of subjectivity; specific "deviant" behavior, public personage identity effect, national hatred for wealth, network social media, high nationalism and panoramic patriotic behavior appeal promote the successful launch of public opinion. The controversy over the identification of the political position of the discourse object, people's potential worries about the right of democratic discourse, and the playback of historical memory on the Internet promote the rising public opinion of the event; the symbolic behavior formed under the strong public opinion pressure from the flow of civil and official public opinion occasions leads to the rapid decline of public opinion of the event. In the event of "communism" on the Internet, the internal tension between the requirement of Communist subject identification and the cognitive ability of ordinary people is the pre-existing subjective condition; specific "rebellious" discourse behavior, the dispute of Communist ideal's realistic value, the information reception tendency of ordinary netizens jointly promote the initiation of public opinion; the rationality of socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the level of discourse objects The realistic commentary on the historical relationship between layer attributes and reform and opening-up leads the event discourse into depth; the strong signal released by the government's direct information control behavior is the direct factor for the termination of the event public opinion. In the event of "collectivism" on the internet, the more intense cognitive contradiction of collectivism in the special living situation of the citizens is the pre-existing subjective condition; specific "immoral" sexual behavior, strong democratic rights consciousness and collective emotional appeal of the people, and improper moral language expression of the relevant collectives are the main factors to promote the initiation of public opinion; netizens comment on the state based on deductive facts. The unjust operation of administrative organs promotes the negative development of event public opinion; the strong collective moral appeal of citizens and more tolerant moral evaluation standards, the moral response and self-reflection of relevant collectives and actors lead to the decline of event public opinion. In the network event of "historical nihilism", the contradictory influence of historical materialism and historical nihilism on the construction of national historical outlook is the precondition of subjectivity; the conflict and coincidence between the academic deconstruction of historical heroes, social nihilism and traditional heroic culture, and the writing characteristics of historical heroes by social individuals prompted the event public opinion to start; The independence of scientific research and the difference of national cognition within the limits of citizens'freedom of speech promote the deepening of public opinion on events; the organic coordination of historical facts, cognitive thinking guidance and legal authority ruling is the main factor affecting the decline of public opinion on events. A comprehensive survey of the dissemination process of concrete network ideological events with different discourse themes in recent years reveals that there exists a unified mode of dissemination of network ideological events relative to the actual rights-and-interests-appealing network events: the universal conflict of value perception among citizens, the objective information stimulation and behavior of specific "derailed" sexual behavior by means of the special information dissemination mechanism of network media. Realistic initiation of event public opinion is accomplished in the identity effect attached to the subject, and the value load and large-scale aggregation of event-related discourse are realized in the strong social emotional expression needs of the nation and the positive value guidance of network opinion leaders, and the fading of public opinion is realized in the event response of specific actors'symbolic behavior or the intervention and guidance of relevant authoritative government organizations. Standing in the macro-perspective of "society-politics-technology-individual", we should ponder on the reasons that influence the process of spreading network ideological events, the cultural factors such as the tendency of value nihilism, the spirit of modern democracy, the concept of "both Germany and France" governance in contemporary Chinese political culture, the network turn in the current Chinese media system, the dual operating mechanism and the radiation of real power, etc. In fact, it has a profound impact on the information production and communication behavior of the participants in the discourse of network ideological events-ordinary netizens, opinion leaders, media and government organizations, and the height between populism, opinion leaders, deductive facts and the main discourse subjects of network ideological events-the information selection, perception, acceptance, production and dissemination activities of ordinary people. Relevance promotes the socialization of ideological events on the Internet. Therefore, to carry out the work of network ideology incidents, we should adhere to the basic concept of "people-oriented" and adhere to the basic principles of clearing powers and responsibilities, subject differentiation and quality, and will enhance the national-led ideological awareness level and regulate the information of media organizations. Dissemination behavior and the cultivation of professional discourse responsibility groups as the key practice direction.