公平是人类追求的目标之一，教育公平作为公平概念的延伸和扩展，是人类社会孜孜以求的理想。伴随着20世纪人类社会突飞猛进的发展，高等教育从社会的边缘已步入社会的中心。高校大规模地扩招，极大地加速了高等教育的发展，随着这种发展的深化，人们越来越关注教育公平的问题。然而，在教育资源还很紧缺的条件下，受教育机会存在着激烈的竞争，特别是高中和大学阶段。公平的竞争应该基于学生智力、能力的竞争，但是由于市场化的冲击，在不少地方这种竞争已经演变成为家庭经济收入和社会网络关系之间的竞争。许多研究和事实发现，阶层差距对受教育机会产生的影响日益突出，尤其是家庭背景与受教育机会的联系，几乎是一个跨越国界而普遍存在的问题。本文试图从阶层差距对高中教育入学机会的影响入手，并结合现在的“奥数热”、“择校热”等热点话题分析高中教育入学机会的获得，及各因素对入学机会的影响，进一步说明它加剧了高等教育入学机会的不均等，研究家庭背景（父母职业，父母文化）、家庭收入（经济资本）等因素对学生进入不同类别的学校的影响，进而关照教育公平理论层面上的问题。力图结合理论讨论现实存在的事实，努力为我国的教育持续、健康地发展提供借鉴。本文主要由五个部分组成：第一部分为前言。主要介绍了选题的背景和意义、国内外研究现状及进展、本文的研究方法与技术路线及文章的结构。第二部分是介绍阶层差距与教育公平的一般理论。第三部分是阐述阶层差距对教育公平的宏观影响。分别说明经济分层、文化分层和职业分层是如何影响教育公平的。第四部分是以高中为例探讨阶层差距对高中教育入学机会的影响。分别从经济资本、文化资本、社会资本对教育入学机会的影响进行实证分析。这也是本文的核心部分。第五部分是研究启示及政策建议。

Equality is one of the goals that mankind is seeking for. Educational equality as the extension and development of equality concept is the dream that human society diligently strives after. With the rapid development of human society in 20th century , higher education has entered the central society from the frontier society, thus higher education has become the most important component for the entire society. College enrollment expansion large scale, accelerated the development of higher education greatly, along with the deepening of this development, there is growing concern about educational equity. However, the shortage of educational resources is still under the conditions of access to education there is intense competition, especially high school and college. Fair competition should be based on student intelligence, the ability to compete, but due to the impact of the market in many parts of this competition has evolved into the family income and economic relations between the social network competition.This article from the class gap between the senior secondary education access the impact of start and now with the "Mathematical Olympiad fever," "School Choice Hot" and other hot topics of high school the opportunity to receive education enrolment, And other factors on the impact of access to further higher education that it exacerbated the inequality of access. Research on family background (parental occupation, their parents and Culture), household income (economic capital), family composition (political capital), and other factors on the students into different types of schools and choose different types of classes the impact of further care education fair at the level of theory question. Trying to combine theoretical discussion reality the fact that our education efforts for the sustained and healthy development for reference. This paper is consist of five components:The first part of the preamble. Main topics on the background and significance of Research and Development at home and abroad, the paper's methodology and technology routes and the structure of the article.The second part is on the gap between class and education fair general theory.The third part is on a fair level of education gap between the macro impact. Note respectively economic stratification, cultural stratification and occupational stratification is how to influence education fair.The fourth part of a high school class as an example of the gap between the senior secondary education access the impact. From the economic capital, cultural capital, social capital and political capital on education access the impact of empirical analysis. This is also the core of the paper.The fifth part is policy suggestion.