鉴于汉字独特的书写系统，正字法和语素意识已被证明对汉字阅读至关重要，然而这种影响背后的脑网络机制在很大程度上还是未知的。本研究对67名儿童开展了从幼儿园到小学的纵向追踪，在小学阶段对其中的34名儿童进行了功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描，以考察正字法和语素意识对后续汉字阅读的独特预测作用及其神经机制。行为数据的分析结果证实了早期正字法和语素意识对后续阅读的独特预测作用。此外，本研究对正字法和语义加工脑激活和连接模式进行比较，并通过中介分析揭示左侧梭状回到额下回（FFG-IFG）和左侧额下回到上顶叶（IFG-SPL）的功能连接强度中介了正字法意识对阅读的贡献，而右侧上顶叶（right SPL）的激活强度中介了语素意识对阅读的影响。本研究的结果强调了正字法意识和语素意识对中文阅读的重要性，并且揭示了二者不同的神经机制。

Given the unique writing system of Chinese characters, orthographic and morphological awareness have been shown to be crucial for Chinese character reading. However, how the brain network supporting the contributions of orthographic awareness and morphological awareness to Chinese reading is largely unknown. In this study, 67 children were followed longitudinally, from kindergarten to primary school. At the primary level, 34 children underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans, in order to investigate the unique predictive roles and neural mechanisms associated with early orthographic and morphological awareness in subsequent Chinese character reading. Behavioral data analysis revealed the predictive roles of early orthographic and morphological awareness in subsequent reading. Furthermore, based on a comparison of activation and connectivity patterns for orthographic and morpheme processing, mediation analyses were conducted, revealing that the connection strength 1) between left fusiform gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus (FFG-IFG); 2) between the left inferior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule (IFG-SPL) significantly mediated the contribution of orthographic awareness to reading, while right SPL activation strength significantly mediated the influence of morphological awareness on reading. Our findings highlight the importance of orthographic awareness and morphological awareness for Chinese reading, but with different neural mechanisms.