本文是关于中国古代官僚政治运行逻辑的特殊路径研究，在与理性官僚制对比的框架之下，文章分析了我国古代封建专制帝国中君主官僚制的产生背景、权力格局、治理模式以及官僚形象。在这种君主官僚制中，官僚依附于君主专断权力产生并运作，君主的专断权威与官僚机器的常规治理之间形成此消彼长、动态平衡的权力格局，并在对稳定权力格局的维系中形成既放权（纵向行政发包）又集权（横向晋升竞争）、既分散（属地化管理）又整合（儒家教化）的治理模式，在这现实政治环境中，产生了富有特色的士大夫官僚。

This article is a particular path study about the ancient Chinese bureaucracy operation logic. Under the framework of rational bureaucracy contrast, the article analyzed four aspects situation of monarchy bureaucracy, such as its background, power structure, governance and bureaucratic image. In monarch Bureaucracy, bureaucracy generates and operates attached to the monarchy arbitrary power; The arbitrary authority of the monarch and the conventional government of bureaucratic machine, they maintain a stable and dynamic balance power structure. In order to maintain this kind of stable power structure, a both decentralization (longitudinal administrative contract) and centralization (horizontal promotion competition), both dispersed (territorial management) and integration (Confucian indoctrination) model of governance appears, in which the reality of the political environment, resulting in a distinctive scholar bureaucracy.