我们处在一个英雄主义维度失落的年代，浮躁的社会风气、拜金的价值取向，使得很多人不再相信英雄，不再认可一腔孤勇为他人、为国家奉献的精神价值。然而，英雄人物是一个国家的精神脊梁，具有植根于民族灵魂的信仰力量。英雄人物承载了一个民族、一个国家的集体记忆，是民族精神和爱国情怀的象征，是为国人所推崇的精神符号，也是建构国家认同的重要素材。在祛魅化的时代，后现代主义思潮、消费主义思潮、历史虚无主义思潮等在思想领域的渗透，使英雄人物符号面临被曲解和解构的风险。重塑英雄人物符号、增进民众对于英雄人物和国家的认同，就显得尤为关键。本文结合当前时代背景，依托符号学理论，对国家认同建构中英雄人物符号的塑造问题进行了探究。 文章正文分四个部分。第一部分研究国家认同的建构问题。通过对于国家认同的一些基础性概念梳理，得出国家认同的核心构成要素，并说明国家认同并非天然存在，其形成的过程需要历时性即基于过去、现在和将来的特质进行建构和共时性即调动社会多方力量进行建构的双重建构。 第二部分研究英雄人物符号对于国家认同建构的重要作用和我国对于英雄人物符号的塑造方式。英雄人物符号是能指和所指的结合，其意义不会自动展现，需要后人根据具体情境加以阐述，而英雄人物符号又承载了一个国家的历史记忆，有利于民众产生与国家休戚与共的感觉，因而需要对其进行合适的编码和恰当的解码，以更好地发挥英雄人物符号对于国家合法性的维护作用。当代中国英雄人物符号的塑造，根据时代变迁采取了不同的编码方式，使英雄人物从高大全的形象发展为更为真实的个体，同时采用了将核心事件与附属事件结合叙述、引入多重复合视角、改变叙事时序等叙事手段，丰富了英雄人物符号的塑造方式。在英雄人物符号的传播过程中，也选择了纸质媒介、可视化媒介和新媒介等手段，提高了英雄人物符号的传播覆盖面和受众认可度。 第三部分研究在祛魅时代英雄人物符号面临的挑战。随着社会从生产型社会发展成消费型社会，人们越来越关注消费带给自己的愉悦性体验，这导致了符号制造者会以受众的诉求为导向，进而导致符号塑造的世俗化和娱乐化；后现代主义思潮的涌入使得解构主义、反理性主义、反中心主义等思想盛行，恶搞的亚文化应运而生，致使部分民众错误理解英雄人物的符号价值，错置英雄人物的符号意义；在全球化浪潮的冲击之下，民众思想领域呈现复杂态势，部分学者和意见领袖假借学术研究之名一方面试图“还原”英雄背后的“真相”，说明英雄事迹的不合理性，另一方面贬抑英雄人物美化负面人物，主张对历史进行反思和翻案式评价。这一切都使得英雄人物符号面临被曲解和解构的风险。 第四部分研究在当前时代背景下重塑英雄人物符号的合理路径。首先，应牢牢把握住话语权，向世界更好地讲好中国故事，发出中国声音；其次，要通过选取合适的人物素材、选择恰当的叙事方式对英雄人物符号进行更恰当的编码；最后，充分考虑受众的差异性，加强新媒体的运用，对英雄人物符号进行更合适的解码。唯有如此，才能建构更为合理的英雄人物形象，促进英雄人物符号更为广泛深入的传播，进而不断增强人们的国家认同感。

We are in an era of losing the dimension of heroism. The impetuous social atmosphere and the value orientation of money worship make many people no longer believe in heroes, and no longer recognize the spiritual value of being brave for others and contributing to the country. However, heroes are the spiritual backbone of a country and have faith power rooted in the national soul. Heroes bear the collective memory of a nation and a country. They are the symbol of national spirit and patriotism, the spiritual symbol respected by the people, and the important material for the construction of national identity. In the era of disenchantment, rebuilding the symbols of heroes and enhancing the public's recognition of heroes and countries are particularly critical. The text of the article is divided into four parts. The first part studies the construction of national identity. Through sorting out some basic concepts of national identity, this paper draws the core elements of national identity, and explains that national identity does not exist naturally. Its formation process needs diachronic construction based on past, present and future characteristics and synchronic construction, that is to say, dual reconstruction construction based on mobilizing multi-forces of society. The second part studies the important role of hero symbols in the construction of national identity and the way of shaping hero symbols in China. Heroic symbol is the combination of signifier and signifier. Its meaning will not be automatically displayed. It needs to be elaborated by future generations according to specific situations. Heroic symbol bears the historical memory of a country, which is conducive to the people's feeling of solidarity with the country. Therefore, it needs to be properly coded and decoded in order to maintain the legitimacy of a country. In shaping heroic symbols in our country, different coding methods have been adopted according to the changes of the times, which makes heroic characters develop from tall and complete images to real individuals. Meanwhile, narrative means such as combining core events with subsidiary time, introducing multiple perspectives and changing narrative sequence have been adopted to enrich the shaping methods of heroic symbols. In the process of spreading heroic symbols, paper media, visual media and new media are also chosen to improve the coverage and acceptance of heroic symbols. The third part studies the challenges faced by Chinese hero symbols in the disenchantment era. With the development of society from a production-oriented society to a consumption-oriented society, people are paying more and more attention to the pleasant experience brought by consumption, which leads to the fact that the makers of symbols will be guided by the demands of the audience, thus leading to the secularization and entertainment of symbol shaping. The influx of post-modernism makes deconstructionism, anti-rationalism and anti-centralism prevail. As a result, some people misunderstood the symbolic value of heroes and misplaced the symbolic meaning of heroes. Under the impact of globalization, the ideological field of Chinese people presents a complex situation. Some scholars and opinion leaders, under the name of academic research, try to "restore" the "truth" behind heroes by interviewing them to explain the irrationality of heroic deeds. On the other hand, they depreciate heroes and beautify negative characters, and advocate reflecting on history and overturning the case. All these make the hero symbol face the risk of being distorted and deconstructed. The fourth part studies the reasonable method of remodeling the hero symbol under the current era background. First of all, we should firmly grasp the right to speak, tell the Chinese story to the world better, and make a Chinese voice. Secondly, by choosing the appropriate material and narrative style, we should code the hero symbol more appropriately. Finally, it is necessary to decode heroic symbols more appropriately by fully considering the differences of audiences and increasing the use of new media in the process of communication. Only in this way can we construct a more reasonable image of heroes, promote the wider and deeper dissemination of hero symbols, and continuously enhance the people's sense of national identity.