超材料由于其超自然的特殊性能来源于人工设计的结构而非其构成材料，而被广泛研究，成为当前物理研究的热点问题。从早期的左手材料、光子晶体，到异质结，无序结构，等离子体超材料，这些具有特殊电磁学特性的超材料的出现，引发了理论及实验应用方面的研究热潮。继人类实现对电子的控制之后，利用超材料对光的控制成为新的梦想。这种研究将会越来越多的被推广到更多的实际应用器件中去。本文的工作可以分为三个部分：在三维金属纳米超材料的研究中，本文利用其电、磁等离子体共振特性，设计制作了三维超薄热辐射器。通过材料参数的调节，在该结构中实现了偏振不敏感及全空间各向同性特性。该结构可以应用于辐射光源，热辐射降温冷却，以及光致发光等实际应用领域。此外，利用该等离子体共振超材料中的磁场局域特性，我们实现了对磁偶极子跃迁的控制及大幅度增强。并对上述设计实现了从微波到红外波段的可调谐。在二维变换光学超材料设计中，我们设计了基于偏振分束效应的隐身衣结构，并对该设计的可实现性进行了超材料参数分析。该研究提供了一种对利用变换光学进行超材料设计时偏振敏感性的再认识，并提出了用偏振敏感性制作分束器以外的一种可能应用。在实验上，利用折射率材料及全息法制作微结构器件设计。在DCG材料中制作了二维渐变型异质结微结构，并通过优化该二维电介质柱三角晶格格点形状的方法，在该结构中实现了二维全方位的绝对禁带。同时，我们在制作微结构的实验方法基础上，添加了增益介质染料，实现了面心立方微结构带边激光器的制作。在对该微结构激光器的泵浦测试过程中，除了获得明显的激光发射谱外，还发现并探讨了微结构激光中的激光发射建立机制与泵浦激光的脉宽之间所存在的关系。

Recently, matamaterial has been one of the most intriguing research areas，due to its supernatural properties caused by artificial design of structure instead of constituent materials. Left handed materials, photonic crystals, heterostructures, random structures, plasma structures, etc., metamaterial with special electromagnetism characters has attracted a new upsurge in theoretical and experimental study. After the realization of the control of electrons, using metamaterials to control light has become a new dream of human. This kind of research will spread to more and more practical applications in the devices.The contents of this paper could be divided into three subareas:During the research about the three dimensional (3-D) metallic nano-matematerial, using the electromagnetic plasmonic resonances, we designed a 3-D ultrathin radiation emitter. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the structure, isotropy and polarization insensitive properties were achieved. Besides, we proposed a magnetic plasmonic structure to significantly control and enhance magnetic dipole transitions. The devices can be tuned from visible to microwave.Experimentally, the microstructures and the devices were fabricated by holography with low refractive index materials. Absolute two dimensional (2-D) band gaps were obtained in 2-D heterostructures with DCG materials, which were realized by optimizing the lattice point shape in 2-D dielectric columniation triangular lattices. Furthermore, based on the microstructures fabrication by holographic technique, we realized a face-centered-cubic structure band edge laser with gain medium. We observed and discussed the relationship between the pulse width of the pump source and the laser emission mechanisms.Finally, a 2-D cloak based on embedded coordinate transformation is presented in detail. Furthermore, the numerical study demonstrates the possibility of realizing our optical elements with existing metamaterials. This study provides a new physical insight on the impact of polarization sensitive in cloaking design, and suggests a new potential application of it besides polarization splitters.