习近平总书记关于科技创新、科学普及“一体两翼”的重要论述是做好新时代科普工作的根本遵循。基层科普是在党和政府的工作指示下，县级及以下的机构和组织通过公众容易理解、接受、参与的方式，传播普及科学知识、科学方法、科学思想、科学精神的活动。无论是从国际竞争还是国家发展的角度，基层科普都在科普体系中具有举足轻重的地位。一方面，基层科普是提高国际竞争力的重要工作。另一方面，基层科普是建设创新型国家的基础工作。为了深入推进《全民科学素质行动计划纲要（2006-2010-2020年）》在基层的实施，中国科协、财政部实施“基层科普行动计划”。基层科普行动计划包括科普惠农兴村计划、社区科普益民计划，促进社会主义新农村建设与和谐社区建设。基层科普行动计划作为一项常规性工作，在我国基层科普工作中具有代表意义。随着科学技术的飞速发展，经济社会建设取得巨大进步，社会主要矛盾转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，信息传播方式发生翻天覆地的变化，加之新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球流行，我国基层科普工作面临三大挑战：不平衡不充分的发展的挑战、信息传播方式更新的挑战、后疫情时代的挑战。因此，我国基层科普工作亟需转型升级。为了解我国基层科普工作的基本要素以及开展情况，总结基层科普转型升级的策略建议，特开展本研究。

首先，采用内容分析法对30个省市2018年“基层科普行动计划”实施工作总结报告进行分析，基于五W模式确定我国基层科普工作的六大基本要素为人员组织、科普内容、科普资源、工作评价、管理方式、经费使用。六大基本要素分别回答基层科普“谁在做”“做什么”“有什么”“如何评”“如何管”“如何用”的关键问题。然后，采用专家访谈法收集中国科协、省市县科协共八位专家对基层科普工作的相关看法与转型升级策略建议。最后，采用问卷调查法征询857位县级科协工作人员对基于优秀实践经验与专家策略建议拟订的基层科普转型升级策略建议的认可程度。根据以上六大基本要素分析我国基层科普工作的开展情况，总结出基层科普转型升级的六大策略建议：制定国家层面科普政策，依法促进基层科普的新发展；推进社会力量共同参与，全域打造基层科普的多阵地；加强基层科普队伍建设，形成基层科普的强志愿力量；强化特色科普内容供给，多面满足基层群众的深需要；融入现代信息技术手段，拓展基层科普的优混合渠道；重视项目实施效果测评，总结推广基层科普的好经验。

Chinese President Xi Jinping's important statement on science and technology innovation and science popularization as one body and two wings is the fundamental guideline to do a good job in science popularization in the new era. Grassroots science popularization is the activity of disseminating and popularizing scientific knowledge, scientific methods, scientific ideas, and scientific spirit by institutions and organizations at the county level and below under the work instructions of the Communist Party of China and the government in a way that is easily understood, accepted, and participated by the public. Grassroots science popularization has a pivotal position in science popularization both from the perspective of international competition and national development. On the one hand, grassroots science popularization is an important work to improve international competitiveness. On the other hand, grassroots science popularization is the basic work of building an innovative country. In order to further promote the implementation of the Outline of the National Scientific Literacy Action Plan (2006-2010-2020) at the grassroots level, the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) and the Ministry of Finance have implemented the Grassroots Science Popularization Action Plan. The Grassroots Science Popularization Action Plan consists of the Rural Science Popularization Plan and the Community Science Popularization Plan to promote the construction of the new socialist countryside and harmonious community. As a regular work, the Grassroots Science Popularization Action Plan is representative of the grassroots science popularization work in China. With the rapid development of science and technology, the great progress in economic and social construction, the transformation of the main contradiction of society into the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and the unbalanced and insufficient development, the radical changes in the way information is disseminated, and the fact that the COVID-19 is still prevalent in the world, grassroots science popularization work in China faces three major challenges: the challenge of unbalanced and insufficient development, the challenge of updating information dissemination methods, and the challenge of the post-epidemic era. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform and upgrade the work of grassroots science popularization in China. This study is conducted to understand the basic elements of grassroots science popularization work in China and how it is carried out, and to summarize strategic suggestions for the transformation and upgrading of grassroots science popularization.

First, the content analysis method is used to analyze the summary reports of 30 provinces and cities on the implementation of the Grassroots Science Popularization Action Plan in 2018, and the six basic elements of grassroots science popularization work in China are determined based on the Five W Model: personnel organization, science popularization content, science popularization resources, work evaluation, management methods, and use of funds, which answer the key questions of who is doing it, what is done, what is available, how to evaluate, how to manage and how to use. Then, the expert interview method is used to collect the relevant views on grassroots science popularization and suggestions for transformation and upgrading strategies from a total of eight experts from the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) and provincial, municipal and county science and technology associations. Finally, the questionnaire method is used to ask 857 county-level science and technology association staff about their recognition of the strategic suggestions for the transformation and upgrading of grassroots science popularization formulated based on excellent practical experience and experts' strategic suggestions. Based on the above six basic elements to analyze the current situation of grassroots science popularization work in China, the study summarizes six strategic suggestions for the transformation and upgrading of grassroots science popularization: develop national-level science popularization policies; promote the joint participation of social forces; strengthen the construction of grassroots science popularization teams; strengthen the supply of special science popularization contents; integrate modern information technology means; pay attention to the evaluation of the project implementation effects.