影子教育是一种发生在主流正规学校之外的，以提高学生在主流正规学校的学习成绩为目的，从而增加进入理想大学几率的教育活动。这一概念最早由史蒂文森和贝克提出，也被称为补习教育。

本文以H市为田野点，运用方便抽样和滚雪球的方法选择五个家庭为访谈对象。以文化再生产理论为研究框架，分析家庭为何以及如何参与影子教育。以及在此过程中，课外培训机构、家庭及个人三者的互动过程与互动关系。调研发现：一是在“校内减负、校外增负”背景下，H市“择校风”盛行；二是在招生考试中出现了学考分化的趋势；三是H市中小学生影子教育的参与率极高。

分析得出，第一，在升学与就业的双重压力下，家庭普遍参与影子教育。影子教育机构以市场化的运作机制迎合并满足了家庭的培优和补差需求，形成了密集型的教养方式。第二，课外辅导机构通过超前授课与分级教学强化了家庭的教育焦虑。第三，影子教育对文化资本的积累及阶层再生产具有重要影响。

Shadow education is an educational activity that takes place outside the mainstream formal schools, with the aim of improving students' academic performance in the mainstream formal schools, so as to increase the chances of entering the ideal universities.The concept was first proposed by Stevenson and Backer, and is now also known as tutorial education.

This paper takes H city as the field point and uses convenient sampling and snowball sampling to select five families as the interview objects.Based on the theory of cultural reproduction, this paper analyzes why and how families participate in shadow education.In this process, extracurricular training institutions, family and individual three interactive process and interactive relationship.First, under the background of "reducing the burden on campus and increasing the burden off campus", the "school choice spirit" prevailed in H City;Second, there is a trend of differentiation of academic examinations in the entrance examination;Third, the participation rate of shadow education among primary and middle school students in H City is extremely high.

The analysis shows that, firstly, under the double pressure of entering a higher school and employment, families generally participate in shadow education.The shadow education institutions cater to and meet the needs of families' training and making up for the difference through the market-oriented operation mechanism, forming an intensive parenting mode.Secondly, the after-school tutoring agencies strengthen the family's educational anxiety through advanced teaching and graded teaching.Third, shadow education has an important impact on the accumulation of cultural capital and class reproduction.