鉴于城市在区域、国家乃至国际经济发展中发挥的重要作用，城市生态系统健康与否对全局发展具有重要影响。快速城市化过程所伴生的各种城市生态退化问题，使得系统诊断城市生态系统健康状况极为必要。本研究主要围绕城市生态系统健康展开系统模拟与综合评价，提出生态调控措施，促进区域可持续发展。本研究主要由五部分组成。就关注点而言，第一章系统回顾与总结城市生态系统健康评价研究进展，第二至五章发展城市生态系统健康评价方法，并开展案例研究。就案例研究尺度而言，第二至四章以整个城市生态系统作为研究对象，第五章关注城市亚系统的相对健康状况。就具体方法而言，第二章整合了集对分析方法与城市生态系统健康综合评价框架，第三至五章则综合了集对分析方法与能值分析方法。

Due to the important role of cities for regional, national, and international economic development and the concurrent degradation of the urban environmental quality under rapid urbanization, a systematic diagnose of urban ecosystem health for sustainable ecological management is urgently needed. This study composed of five parts mainly focuses on the systematic simulation and assessment of the urban ecosystem health. In terms of the concerned points, Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive review on urban ecosystem health assessment, and Chapters 2 to 5 develop assessment methods and conduct case studies. As for study scales of the cases, Chapters 2 to 4 pay attention to the ecosystem health status of the whole urban ecosystem, while Chapter 5 concerns the ecosystem health status at urban subsystem scale. With respect to the concrete methodology, set pair analysis (SPA) is introduced, and integrated assessment framework of urban ecosystem health is combined in Chapter 2, while emergy synthesis is combined in Chapters 3 to 5. Following are the concrete contents of each chapter.Chapter 1 reviews the related research on urban ecosystem health assessment. Concepts, standards, indicators, models, and case studies are introduced and discussed. It is stated that urban ecosystem health considers the integration of ecological, economic, social and human health factors, and as such it is a value-driven concept which is strongly influenced by human perceptions. There is not an absolute urban ecosystem standard because of the uncertainty caused by the changing human needs, targets, and expectation of urban ecosystem over time. Several conceptual models and suitable indicator frameworks have been proposed to organize the multiple factors to represent comprehensively the health characteristics of an urban ecosystem, while certain mathematical methods have been applied to deal with the indicator information to get a clear assessment of the urban ecosystem health status. Instead of perceiving the urban ecosystem assessment as an instantaneous measurement of the health state, we suggest to conceptualize the urban ecosystem health as a process, which boosts more studies on the dynamic trends of health status and projecting possible development scenarios.Chapter 2 applies SPA to assess the urban ecosystems, through which the approximate degree of urban ecosystem health to the optimal set is calculated to describe the health level of the urban ecosystems by combining multiple health indices. The urban ecosystem health levels of Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Wuhan, Xiamen and Guangzhou from 1995 to 2003 are thereafter evaluated using SPA. The results show that the urban ecosystem health states of Xiamen and Guangzhou is the best during the study period, while the health states of the others changes over time.Chapter 3 establishes an evaluation framework of emergy-based urban ecosystem health indicators (UEHIem) in view of five aspects including vigor, structure, resilience, ecosystem service function maintenance and environmental impact to depict the urban ecosystem health states, when regarding various energy and materials flowing in the urban ecosystem and the merit of emergy as an embodied energetic equivalent for integrated ecological economic evaluation. SPA is combined with the UEHIem to describe the relative health state of the concerned urban ecosystems. Choosing twenty typical Chinese cities in 2005 as cases, their urban ecosystem health levels are evaluated and compared. The results show that health levels of Xiamen, Qingdao, Shenzhen and Shanghai are pretty well, while those of Wuhan, Harbin, Yinchuan, Beijing and Urumchi are relatively weak. Moreover, the relative health levels are analyzed by SPA to discern the influences of the mentioned five aspects on the UEHIem.Based on the established assessment framework combing emergy synthesis with SPA, Chapter 4 mainly conducts a tentative case study of Beijing 1986―2005 to present a useful tool for the urban ecosystem assessment and management. The results indicate that the ecosystem health status of Beijing city fluctuated continuously during 1986―2005. Furthermore, the changes of health levels based on each factor of the UEHIem during the study period imply that urban ecological management and regulation should be concerned more at reducing environmental impact and improving resilience.Chapter 5 mainly attempts to obtain the spatial distribution of urban ecosystem health status, by combining the relative ecosystem health levels based on emergy synthesis and SPA with the spatial geographical information of different land-use pattern subsystems. Choosing Guangzhou city in 2005 as the case, it is found that the health levels of the cultivated land, middle and low density buildings are relative well, while those of high density building and traffic areas are relatively weak. Certain required factors of healthy ecosystem are summarized as moderate population, human disturbance, providing service for human, non-renewable resource input, and environmental pressure. According to the spatial distribution of urban ecosystem health states, the north part of Guangzhou city is defined as conservation area, and the middle and south parts are defined as maintenance area, while the middle-south and southwest part is defined as key regulation area, where urban ecological management and adjustment should be implemented to control the population density and resolve concomitant problems, e.g., human disturbance, resource consumption, waste discharge and environmental pressure.It is concluded that the effectiveness and objectivity of the urban ecosystem health assessment can be promoted by using SPA. The emergy synthesis combined with SPA is also proved as an effective relative-measure to compare different ecosystem health levels of urban ecosystems with respect to energy and materials metabolism. It is suggested to analyze the urban ecosystem health with a process thought, which needs more studies on the temporal scale to describe the dynamic trends and establish associated development scenarios.