关帝信仰与地方社会生活——以山西解州为中心的个案研究摘 要本文以作为关帝故里的解州镇及常平村为调查地点，利用历史文献考证与田野调查访谈相结合的研究方法来考察关帝信仰传统的历史与现状、关帝故里人的生活方式和他们所拥有的其他信仰文化，也就是将关帝信仰文化现象置于当地社会生活整体历史变迁当中来给予具体的阐释。本文的写作不仅是为关公信仰研究领域提供一个个案的民俗志，而且是为研究中华文明历史上广泛流布的、具有文化统一认同意义的神灵信仰现象，提供一个可行的研究方法。全文主体部分共分五章。第一章是对官方与民间共同建构关公信仰演进史的介绍，其中着重说明关帝故里关公信仰的建构过程。从关公信仰的演进史来看，关羽从一位历史人物最终成为汉人社会最受崇祀的神灵符号，在中国封建社会改朝换代的进程中，在中国古代文化思想的荡涤中，他逐渐地蜕去了特定历史氛围的表征，注入了传统的文化精神，再披上一些宗教的华衮，从而成为中国社会的一种文化象征。第二章论述了关帝故里常平村人的生存环境、文化传统、四季生活、多神信仰并存的充满张力的生活空间，描绘出丰富多彩的日常生活情景中关公信仰的传承情况。第三章考察了历史和今天在关帝故里所存在的官方与民间的关帝祭祀仪式实践活动。这些祭祀仪式传承固然与统治者的大力推崇有密切关系，更重要的是关公信仰被民间所接受这种事实。同时，关公信仰仪式存在不同级序的层级关系。第四章通过对关帝故里的信仰主体的划分，分析了关公信仰背后所存在的多重话语及其各自的言说，表现出关公信仰观念的复合性。第五章具体说明了关公信仰功能的历史承继与当代演变的情况，指出正是因为多重话语下的关公信仰，从而表现出关公信仰功能的多样性。总之，在关帝故里传承的历史悠久的关公信仰，是由国家与当地社会双向影响和共同建构的现象。在这个过程中，关帝故里也好，关公信仰也好，都是由地方多重话语来解释的，体现了社会不同主体之间交往实践的过程。关帝信仰在一个地方传承的生命力，在于它不仅与地方社会生活，而且与这个地方社会拥有的其它各方面历史传统文化结成了可以“互释”的密切关系。也就是说，只有发生“在地化”的关公信仰，才能使关公信仰得以普遍流行。这一观点也可以推广到对于凡能体现统一国家历史的诸多神圣文化现象的研究之中。

GUANGONG BELIEFS AND LOCAL SOCIETY LIFE——CASE RESEARCHES ON THE SHANXI HAIZHOU ABSTRACTInvestigating in Guandi hometown, Haizhou Town and Changping Village,the thesis uses the methods of researching historical documents with a combination of investigating field to study the history and present situation of the tradition of the Guandi beliefs, life style of local people and their believing culture. That is, it explains the culture of Guandi beliefs specially in the basis of the overall changes of local social life. Therefore, the thesis provides not only a case folkloregraphy(民俗志)for the researching fields of Guandi beliefs, but also a feasible method for the phenomenon of beliefs in the gods, which is widely distributed in the history of Chinese civilization and with cultural significance of a unified identity. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction to evoluting histories of Guandi beliefs, which are constructed by government and civil in common. Among these, the construction process of Guandi beliefs in Guandi hometown is illustrated emphatically. From the view of evoluting histories of Guandi beliefs, Guanyu became the most worshiped symbol of the gods by Chinese society from a historical person. In the process of regime changes in China’s feudal society and clearing up the thoughts of ancient culture, he gradually slough off the token of specific historical atmosphere. And then he is injected the spirit of traditional culture and put on some religious China gun. At last, he became a cultural symbol in China society. The second chapter elaborates on the local people’s living environment, cultural tradition, life in four seasons and coexistence of multi-god beliefs. Through these it describes transmission process of Guangong belief in colourful scenes of everyday life. The third chapter examined Official and non-governmental practical activities of Guandi ritual ceremony in Guandi hometown existing in history and today. Although the transmission of these ritual ceremonies are closely related with advocation by rulers, more importantly, belief in Guan Gong is accepted by civil. Meanwhile, Guan Gong faith ceremony has the level relationship between different class. The fourth chapter analyzes important words and different statements behind Guan Gong beliefs by dividing the main stay of beliefs in Guan Gong home. It demonstrates the concept of Guan Gong beliefs compound. The fifth chapter describes the historical inheritance and contemporary evolution of Guan Gong beliefs function. And it points out that the diversity of Guan Gong beliefs function is precisely because of their multiple words.All in all, Guan Gong beliefs passed down in Guandi home has a long history. The phenomenon is affected and built by the State and local communities bilaterally. In the process, both Guandi beliefs and Guan Gong home is explained by local multiple words. It reflects the process of interaction and practice between main stay in society. The vitality of Guandi beliefs passed down in one place has close relationship－explanation for each other, not only with local social life but also with history and traditional cultures that local society has. In other words, Guan Gong beliefs can be prevalent only if they are localized. This view can be extended to the research into a number of sacred cultural phenomenon, which can embody the unified national history.