本文基于联合国UN Comtrade数据库，通过格鲁贝尔－劳埃德产业内贸易指数，布雷哈特边际产业内贸易指数，贸易商品结构，显示性比较优势指数，出口相似度指数，贸易结合度指数及出口市场结构详细分析了“一带一路”倡议实施以来，中国和西班牙贸易的互补性和竞争性。研究表明：中西双边贸易以产业间贸易为主，整体上呈现出较强的互补性；中西两国具有国际竞争力的商品种类差异较大，中国优势商品以制造业产品为主，西班牙优势商品以食品油类为主；中西两国在主要共同市场出口商品结构比较相似；中西双边贸易关系不够紧密，但贸易联系正在加强；中西两国商品出口市场结构具有一定的相似性。因此，中国和西班牙可以通过“一带一路”倡议，充分利用两国贸易互补性较强的特点，加强经贸领域的合作，实现互利共赢。

Based on the UN Comtrade Database, this article uses the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade Index, Bruelhart Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Index, Trade Commodity Structure, Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, Export Similarity Index, Trade Intensity Index and Export Market Structure to analyze bilateral trade complementarity and competitiveness between China and Spain since the implementation of ‘the Belt and Road initiative’. The results show that the bilateral trade between China and Spain is dominated by inter-industry trade, which is generally complementary. In addition, there is a difference in the commodities with international competitiveness between China and Spain. China’s dominant commodities are mainly manufacturing products, while Spain’s dominant commodities are mainly food and oil. And the export structure of China and Spain in the major common markets are relatively similar. Besides, the bilateral trade relations between China and Spain are not close, but trade relations are being strengthened. Also, the structures of China and Spain’s commodity export markets are similar. Therefore, China and Spain can use ‘the Belt and Road initiative’ and the advantages of strong trade complementarity to strengthen cooperation in the economic and trade field and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.