双语者需要在两种语言之间进行切换，研究发现这种特殊的语言经验会对双语者的认知控制功能带来一定的益处，即双语优势。本研究通过双语切换图片命名任务对中-英双语者语言切换进行直接训练，并采用AX-CPT任务考察双语切换命名训练对双语者一般认知控制的影响。实验组被试完成了为期10天的双语切换命名训练，控制组被试没有参加任何训练。本研究的行为结果发现，与训练前相比，在训练后的AX-CPT任务中，实验组被试的BSI比率显著增大，说明相对于反应性控制，实验组被试更倾向于主动性控制；而控制组没有表现出这种变化。脑电结果发现，训练后，实验组线索阶段的N2波幅和目标阶段的N2波幅都显著高于训练前；控制组只在目标阶段出现这种差异。这些结果说明，双语切换训练可以影响双语者的一般认知控制，使双语者表现出主动性控制倾向。

Bilinguals need to switch between two languages, resulting in some cognitive benefits in cognitive control. The present study examined the impact of bilingual language switching training on general cognitive control measured by the AX-CPT task. The experiment group took a 10 days training on language switching naming, while the control group took nothing for training. The behavior results showed that the rate of BSI for the experiment group is significantly larger in the post test than that in the pre test, while there is no such difference in the control group. The ERP results showed that for the experiment group, the mean amplitude of the N2 component elicited by the cue stimuli and the probe stimuli was significantly larger in the post test than that in the pre test. However, for the control group, only the probe period occured the significant difference. These results indicated that, compared to the reactive control, language switching training had a benefit on bilinguals’ proactive control.