随着经济社会的发展，人们思想观念改变及道德水平差异，以“填平原则”为基础的 损害赔偿责任时常难以满足社会实践中关于民商事侵权的需求。《商标法》第三次修正引 入惩罚性赔偿责任，打破了惩罚性赔偿责任在我国法律体系中的适用仅限于特殊领域的现 状，使得惩罚性赔偿责任进入了更加宽泛的法律领域。在非法高利润和低违法成本的利益 唆使下，专利侵权案件频繁发生，专利法亟需引入惩罚性赔偿责任来遏制恶意侵权，给专 利权人提供更为强大的保护。但专利法惩罚性赔偿在司法实践中的适用条件及标准应当被 严格限制，使惩罚性赔偿责任的引入不仅能够解决专利保护困境的燃眉之急，又能与专利 制度的最终目标相契合。 本文通过归纳对比学术界关于惩罚性赔偿引入专利保护的争论观点，对专利惩罚性赔 偿责任适用条件进行研究。通过比较法视角借鉴国外相关立法实践，分析专利惩罚性赔偿 责任的过错要件与赔偿金额，找出我国专利侵权惩罚性赔偿制度落地不完善之处，对《中 华人民共和国专利法修正案（草案）》第 72 条提出惩罚性赔偿责任的适用建议。完善专 利惩罚性赔偿制度，才能使惩罚性赔偿责任真正发挥超越填补损失、维持实质公平的社会 作用。

With the development of economy and society, people's ideological changes and moral level differences,the liability for damages based on the principle of “Principles of bridge”is often difficult to meet the demand for civil and commercial infringement in social practice.The third amendment of the Trademark Law stipulates the punitive damages,which breaks the current situation that the application of punitive damages in China's legal system is limited to special fields, and makes the punitive damages enter a broader legal field.Under the benefit inducement of illegal high profits and low illegal costs, patent infringement cases occur frequently, the patent law urgently needs to introduce punitive liability to curb malicious infringement and provide stronger protection for the patentee.However,the application conditions and standards of punitive damages in the judicial practice of patent law should be strictly limited, so that the introduction of punitive damages liability can not only solve the pressing problem of patent protection, but also meet the ultimate goal of the patent system. This paper studies the applicable conditions of the patent punitive damages liability by summarizing and comparing the arguments about the introduction of punitive damages into patent protection in the academic circle.Through the perspective of comparative law and referring to relevant foreign legislative practice, this paper analyzes the fault elements and compensation amount of patent punitive damages liability, and finds out the imperfection of the implementation of China's patent infringement punitive damages system.Recommendations for the application of punitive damages in Article 72 of the Patent Law Amendment (Draft) of the People's Republic of China.Only by perfecting the patent punitive damages system can the punitive damages liability truly play a social role beyond filling the loss and maintaining substantial equity.