刑法学研究对象是刑法学研究的起点，刑法学研究对象决定了刑法学体系的布局。虽然理论上或立法上一直存在罪刑关系研究范式，但是，由于传统刑法学重视刑事责任问题研究。所以，现行的中国刑法学以罪责刑关系为研究对象。犯罪、刑事责任与刑罚是我国刑法学体系的三大基本范畴，罪责刑关系是我国刑法学体系的核心命题与根本性标志。从逻辑结构与动态运作机理看，罪责刑关系可分为罪刑关系、罪责关系和责刑关系。故此，本文共分为三编。第一编“罪刑关系”涉及犯罪与刑罚的关系，共分两章重点阐述以罪制刑和以刑制罪这对辩证性命题。第二编“罪责关系”是指犯罪与刑事责任之间的关系，共分三章系统专题讨论刑事责任范畴的独立性、刑事责任归责理论体系、定罪的理论体系化。第三编“责刑关系”则关注刑事责任与刑罚之间的关系，共分三章集中阐释责刑关系在现实化进程中宏观的基本依据与规律、重构与完善刑罚目的理论与激活积极的一般预防主义及增设“恢复”刑罚目的元素、刑罚体系改革和刑罚结构现代化的基本坐标等。本文的方法论特色在于：一是大量运用历史研究方法，重视学术史考察，做到有的放矢。二是全面贯彻刑事一体化的方法，从刑法学研究对象为切入探讨犯罪、 刑事责任与刑罚之间的关系，从而展现现行刑法学体系的功能特点与优势。本文的学术新颖之处包括：一是采取辩证的思维方法展现了以罪制刑和以刑制罪的基本原理。二是在反思传统的刑事责任根据论的基础上，提出了刑事责任归责体系的理论构想，并化解了刑法学体系的重大现实困惑。三是系统整理定罪问题的研究现状，并展望了我国定罪理论的体系化方案。四是宏观解构责刑关系这一实践性命题的现实化规律。五是以刑法现代化的立场审视和改革我国当前的刑罚目的理论体系和刑罚体系及刑罚结构。本文的不足之处在于：一是未能更好地运用比较研究方法，难免陷入研究视野不够开阔之嫌。二是刑事责任归责理论体系尚待完善与验证。三是罪责刑关系暨刑法学体系的刑事立法化方案尚处阙如。四是处于价值层面的罪责刑均衡理论尚待深入研究。

Undoubtedly, the research object of criminal law science is the origin of criminal law science, because it determines the fundamental pattern of criminal law system. Although the paradigm of relationship between crime and penalty has constantly exists both in theoretical and legislative level, however, the traditional criminal law theory firmly maintains that criminal responsibility is an independent and concrete category. Currently, the research object of criminal law science in China lies in the relationship among crime, criminal responsibility and Penalty, which in further determines that the relationship among crime, criminal responsibility and Penalty should be the fundamental issues and core features in present criminal law system. With regard to the logical structure and dynamic operation mechanism, the concept of the relationship among crime, criminal responsibility and Penalty should be divided into three aspects followed as the relationship between crime and Penalty, the relationship between crime and criminal responsibility as well as the relationship between criminal responsibility and Penalty. Thus, three parts is necessary and adequate to expound the topic. Specifically speaking, part one is about the relationship between crime and Penalty, which are mainly consisted of two chapters as the concept of crime restricts Penalty and the concept of Penalty restricts crime. As for part two, is about the relationship between crime and criminal responsibility, of which the core issues should involve with the theoretical independence of criminal responsibility, the theoretical system of criminal imputation and the theoretical system of conviction. Finally, the part three concerns about the relationship between criminal responsibility and penalty, which focuses on its own basic rules in the actualization process, the reconstruction and perfection of criminal punishment theory system in addition of activation of the concept of positive general prevention doctrine and establishment of “recovery” as a new element of criminal punishment theory, and the modernization of both of penalty system and penalty structure. Obviously, the relationship among crime, criminal responsibility and Penalty as a whole cohesively consolidates the concrete elements of criminal law system in China.In order to elaborate the topic mentioned above exquisitely, this paper attaches great importance to methodological features. First of all, the massive use of historical method serves for the emphasis of academic history study which directly ensures the objectivity and credibility of the study. Secondly, the fully implement of the criminal integrated approach benefits the investigation of the relationship among crime, criminal responsibility and penalty in the perspective of criminal law object theory and revelation of the advantages and functions of current criminal law system. Thus, the conclusion in the paper is reliable with reasoning..Meanwhile, the paper indeed has acquired some academic innovation. Firstly, the dialectical thinking has bee taken into consideration in the interpretation of the concept of crime restricts Penalty and the concept of Penalty restricts crime. Secondly, the audacious reflection of traditional criminal responsibility grounds theory results in the initiatives of theoretical system of criminal imputation, which leads to dispose of the grim reality of present criminal law system. Thirdly, based on the systematic survey of conviction, the prospects of conviction theory is optimistic. Fourth, a macro-deconstruction of the actualization process of the relationship between criminal responsibility and penalty has been undertaken successfully. Fifth, the modernization standpoint has been taken into consideration in the reform of punishment theory and the transformation of penalty system as well as penalty structure in penal code.Finally, it is unavoidable that this paper would have some inadequacies. Firstly, the failure to make full use of comparative methods would inevitably fall into the suspect of “shut oneself up in a room making a cart”. Secondly, theoretical system of criminal imputation should be perfected and verified. Thirdly, the legislation scheme of criminal law system with crime, criminal responsibility and penalty is still in suspense. Fourth, the concept of criminal equilibrium between crime and Penalty under the value level is pending which demands for further study.