北土之邦居于商周王朝与北方草原文明的交界地带，既受到北方草原文明影响，也在与商周王朝互动过程中吸收中原文明。商王朝采取了联姻等方式联络友好方国，而军事讨伐敌对的族群。但是商朝的北土之邦与王室关系并不稳定。周朝在北土地区采用分封制度，建立了晋国、燕国等同姓封国以及异姓国族。这些封国发挥着征讨北狄淮夷、维护北土稳定的重要军事作用。封国国君受到王室册命，并通过觐见天子加强与王室的政治互动。周朝对于封国内部事务管控更为有力，与封国的关系也较为稳定；但是周文化在北土的影响范围不如商朝。其原因可能是周朝初期王室与晋陕高原族群联系减弱、北方草原文明影响向南扩大等。
近年来，晋南地区绛县横水墓地与翼城大河口墓地的考古发现揭示了异姓封国倗与霸。在金文中，周王室极其重视与倗、霸异姓国族的交往互动。霸在晋南发挥着管理盐池、征伐淮夷等关键作用。霸国贵族内部经济纠纷以及封国立君受到了周王室直接有力的管理。倗也通过接受王室嘉奖、参与庆典、参加征伐等方式融入了西周的政治文化体系。倗、霸的墓葬形制与随葬物品则展现出多元的文化特色，即在保留自身族群文化和北方草原文明的同时，延续商朝殉葬、重视酒器等特色，并在与西周的互动过程中选择性地吸收了西周的礼乐文明，形成了具有自身特色的文化身份。倗、霸与周王室、北土的同姓封国交流交融，形成了早期华夏共同体重要部分。
 

The states of northern lands, lived in the border area between the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the northern nomadic civilization,Not only were they  influenced by the northern nomadic civilization ,but they also absorbed the central civilization when interacting with the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Shang dynasty adopted marriage to contact friendly states, while carried out military crusades against hostile states. But in Shang Dynasty, the relationship between the northern states and the royal family was not stable. Zhou Dynasty adopted the feudal system in the northern lands, establishing feudal states with both the same surname as Jin and Yan, and  ethnic groups with different surnames. To maintain the stability of the northern Land, these feudal states played an important military role in conquering the Northern Di (北狄）and Huaiyi（淮夷）. The rulers of these feudal states were appointed by the King of Zhou and enhanced their political interactions with the royal court through paying formal visits to the King of Zhou dynasty. Compared with Shang dynasty, royal court of Zhou Dynasty had stronger control over the internal affairs of the feudal states, keeping more stable relationship with these states. In contrast, the influence of Zhou civilization in the northern Lands was not as extensive as Shang civilization. The reasons for this are complex,  such as the weakening of the royal family's ties with the Jin-Shaan plateau ethnic groups in the early Zhou Dynasty. The expansion of the northern nomadic civilization also has great effects.
In recent years,  in southern Jin(晋）area, archaeological discoveries of Hengshui Cemetery in Jiangxian County and Dahekou Cemetery in Yicheng City have revealed two heterogeneous lineage. In the inscription of bronze vessels, the royal family of Zhou dynasty attached great importance to the interaction with Ba and Peng. Ba played key roles in managing salt ponds and conquering Huaiyi in southern Jin area. The internal economic disputes and choice of leader were forcefully managed by the Zhou royal family. Peng also integrated into the political and cultural system of the Western Zhou by receiving awards from the royal family, participating in royal ceremonies, and taking part in conquests. The tomb forms and burial objects of Peng and Ba show diversified cultural characteristics. While retaining their own ethnic culture and the northern nomadic civilization, Peng and Ba continued the characteristics of Shang Dynasty, such as martyrdom and using wine vessels. In the process of interacting with the Western Zhou, they selectively absorbed the ritual civilization of Zhou dynasty, and finally formed their own distinctive cultural identities. The ethnic groups with different surnames represented by Peng and Ba have great communication and integration with royal family of Zhou dynasty and the feudal states of the same surname in the northern lands, constructing an important part of the Hua-xia（华夏）community in early China.