居住权是一项起源于罗马的古老权利，最初属于人役权，旨在保障弱势群体的生活，后为 欧陆各国所继承，并随着社会的发展变化，而逐渐呈现出脱离人身属性的趋势，以适应市场化 的需求。本文探究了居住权在罗马法诞生的历程，梳理了德国民法上居住权的曲折发展，从两 段历史中发现推动居住权变化的内在动力，概括出居住权简洁有效的发展路径，并对照我国 社会现实，提出可供借鉴的完善方法。 

The right of habitation is an ancient right originated in Rome ,It belongs to servitude at first, and aims to guarantee the life of vulnerable groups. With the development and change of the society, the European countries inherited the trend of breaking away from personal attributes to adapt to the marketization demand. This paper examines the course of the role of the right of habitation in the Roman legal system, combs the twists and turns of the development of the right of habitation in German civil law, and identifies the inner dynamics of the right of habitation in both histories, outlines a simple and effective path for the development of the right of habitation, and proposes ways to improve it in the light of the social reality in China.