改革开放以后，受多种因素的影响，在我国经济总量持续增长的同时，出现了严重的城乡收入差距持续扩大的现象。这是市场经济发展以及我国分配制度改革不断深入不可避免的结果。但是，城乡收入的持续扩大极大的阻碍了经济发展，同时会严重的影响到社会稳定。城乡收入持续扩大的趋势必须得到有效的遏制，只有这样才能保证我国整体经济健康的运转。那么，如何统筹城乡经济的发展，如何遏制这种趋势呢？本文采集了大量的数据，通过比较研究发现：在同样的经济、政策等背景下，同样是发达地区，其不同省份之间的城乡收入差距相差很大(比如， 2005年江苏城乡收入比为2.33，而广东为3.15)；同样是欠发达地区，不同省份的城乡收入差距可能有天壤之别(比如，江西2005年城乡收入比为2.75，而同年的陕西为4.03)。如果能够解决同类地区城乡收入差距悬殊的问题，就可能为我们解决整体城乡收入差距过大问题提供一种思路和一定的借鉴意义。本文分解了城乡居民收入的构成，认为城镇居民工资增长率、城乡转移支付比、农产品收购价格、乡镇企业企业发展速度以及城乡教育投入比是影响城乡收入差距的5个主要可能因素。本文选取江苏省和广东省作为发达地区的代表，以上述5个因素为变量对其两个省份进行回归分析，同时选取江西省和陕西省作为欠发达地区的代表，对这两个省份进行类似处理。在对两组同类地区回归结果进行比较分析的基础上，发现乡镇企业的发展、城乡转移支付以及城乡教育投入的不同，是导致两组同类地区出现不同程度城乡收入差距的主要原因。基于这种分析，本文认为解决城乡收入差距过大的问题，可以从这几个方面入手：第一，积极发展乡镇企业，提高农民工资性收入；第二，强化公共财政职能，保证对农民转移支付的力度；第三，增加农村教育投入，着力提高农民素质。

After the adoption of Reform and Opening up policy, China’s gross economy has been keeping rising, but due to various factors, the income disparity between rural and urban areas has been widening. The development of market economy and the innovation of China’s income distribution system made that disparity unavoidable. However, widening income disparity between urban and rural areas will hinder economic development and impair social stability. Therefore, this widening trend has to be restrained in order to assure healthy economic development of China as a whole. Then, how to plan for economic development? How to check the widening trend? The present data-supported comparative study found that under exactly the same economic condition and policy: 1) the income disparities between urban and rural areas saw great differences among developed provinces, for example, in 2005, the ratio of urban and rural income was 2.33 to 1 in Jiangsu Province，but it was 3.15 to 1 in Guangdong in the same year; 2) those of underdeveloped provinces also witnessed significant differences, for example, in 2005, the ratio of urban and rural income was 2.75 to 1 in Jiangxi Province, but it was 4.03 to 1in Shaanxi Province . Solutions to the problem of income disparity between urban and rural areas might provide some inspiration for the solutions to income disparity of urban and rural areas of China as a whole.The present study analyzed the formation of income for urban and rural residents and found out that there are five possible elements that influence urban and rural income disparity. The five elements are income increase rate of urban and rural residents, urban and rural transfer payment, purchasing price of agricultural products, development of township enterprises and investment in urban and rural education are the main elements. The present study selected Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province as the representatives of developed provinces and Jiangxi Province and Shaanxi Province as the representatives of underdeveloped provinces. Then regression analysis was made to analyze the five elements in the two groups. Based on the analysis, it was found that the development of township enterprises, urban and rural transfer payment and the differences in investment in urban and rural education are the main reasons for the income disparity. Based on the study, this thesis puts forward the following suggestions to level off the enormous income disparity: 1) take the initiative to develop township enterprises, and raise wage income of peasants; 2) strengthen the function of public finance and guarantee the intensity of transfer payment to peasants; 3) invest more in rural education to improve the quality of peasants.