2009年教育部发布《国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要》，社会十分关注高中文理分科问题，各方还展开激烈讨论，意见不一。2014年，国务院印发《关于深化考试招生制度改革的意见实施意见》，浙江、上海作为首批改革试点单位，开始实施“3+3”的新高考模式，意味着传统意义的文理分科已经取消。多年的文理分科之争并未让各方达成共识，近几年的新高考模式也褒贬不一，对于中学而言，实施国家教育方针势在必行，时间也十分紧迫，同时随着新课改的实施和新高考的调整，数学文理分科势必随之变动。本文旨在纵向研究我国文理文科的历史背景，捋清其发展脉络，横向对比国外文理分科现状，通过对中学教师，大学生，中学生，学生家长的问卷调查，结合当前试点单位新高考过程中的经验与问题，对中学如何应对新课改与新高考提供合理化建议，同时对高中数学课程设置提供合理规划。

Ministry of Education released The Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Long-term Reform and Development of Education in 2009, and they has collected opinions on possibility and feasibility of Dividing of science and art, which has aroused extensive attention from our society. There has been heated discussion on the issue if cancel the division of science and art, and different people hold different views. The State Council issued The implementation opinions on deepening the reform of Examination and Enrollment System in 2014, and Shanghai and Zhejiang province, as the first reform pilot places, started to implement the new“3+3”mode of college entrance examination, which means division of science and art being canceled in these places. There is no consensus to the division of science and art until now, so is to new college entrance examination mode. For middle schools, the reform must be enforced for a set time. This thesis aims to study the background of the division of science and art in our nation, sort out the development path of the division of science and art and compare our the present conditions of this matter with other countries. The author carries out questionnaire survey among middle school teachers, college students, middle school students and students’ parents, and analyze the results of the survey. Then the author combines the results with the problems appearing in places which first experiment with new college entrance examination mode, to provide reasonable suggestions on how to deal with the new curriculum reform and the new college entrance examination in middle schools, and to provide reasonable planning for high school mathematics curriculum.