研究目的：利用全脑功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术结合行为范式评测长期不同运动技能训练对高水平运动员反应时间（RT）、抑制反应时间（SSRT）的影响，探讨不同运动技能训练对额叶及皮层下基底神经节运动控制网络的影响及其与行为相关性，及以竞技健美操为代表的封闭式运动技能项目运动员和以足球项目为代表的开放式运动技能项目运动员与普通大学生之间的运动控制直接、间接通路网络连接特征及其相关机制。

研究方法：选取50名健康右利手志愿者，包括对照组15人（CG）、封闭式运动技能组（健美操15人，AG）、开放式运动技能组（足球组20人，SG）。采用Stop-signal范式评测各组RT和SSRT，并对反应准确率进行统计；采用Siemens公司MAGNETOM Trio 3.0T磁共振成像系统技术对受试者进行全脑扫描，经过时间层校正，头动校正，配准，分割，空间标准化等预处理后，对其低频振幅（ALFF）、度中心性（DC）、体素镜像同伦连接（VMHC）、功能连接（FC）进行计算并分析。

研究结果：（1）与CG相比，AG与SG的RT显著降低（P<0.05），SG的SSRT显著低于CG和CAG（P<0.05）；（2）SG比CG在左侧辅助运动区（BA6）、尾状核、壳核、苍白球、丘脑ALFF值显著增强（P<0.01），SG比AG在双侧尾状核、壳核、苍白球、丘脑、ALFF值显著增强（P<0.01）；（3）与CG相比，SG在左侧额内侧回、辅助运动区、苍白球、双侧额中回、尾状核、丘脑DC值显著增强（P<0.01）；与AG相比，SG在双侧额中回、尾状核、壳核、丘脑、左侧额下回DC值显著增强（P<0.01）；（4）与CG相比，SG在双侧额内侧回、额下回、辅助运动区、尾状核、壳核、苍白球、苍白球外侧、丘脑VMHC值显著增强；5）AG比CG在双侧额下回、尾状核、壳核FC值显著增强（P<0.05），SG比CG组在右侧额下回、双侧壳核、苍白球内侧、苍白球外侧、丘脑FC值显著增强（P<0.005），而SG比AG组在右侧额下回、双侧壳核、苍白球内侧、苍白球外侧FC值显著增强（P<0.01）；（6）SSRT与右侧额下回—左侧壳核FC强度呈显著负相关（r=-0.473，P<0.01）。

研究结论：（1）不同运动技能训练对大脑运动控制的直接、间接通路产生不同影响，封闭式技能训练能够提高反应能力，而开放式技能训练能够提高反应及抑制能力；（2）Stop-signal范式测试结果与FC强度的相关性研究发现，右侧额下回—左侧壳核之间的FC强度是提高抑制能力的可能因素，左侧辅助运动区—双侧丘脑环路可能在运动控制中发挥抑制作用。

Objective: By using the whole brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with evaluation of long-term behavior paradigm different special training of high level athletes reaction time (RT), suppressing the influence of reaction time (SSRT), and the different special training on the frontal cortex, basal ganglia under the influence of the motor control network and its correlated with behavior, explore the closed motor skill represented by competitive aerobics athletes and represented by football project open motor skills project athletes and ordinary university students motor control between direct and indirect access network connection characteristics and its related mechanism.

Method: 50 healthy right-handed volunteers were selected, including 15 in the control group (CG), 15 in the closed motor skill group (AG), and 20 in the open motor skill group (FG). RT and SSRT in each group were measured by Stop-signal, and the response accuracy was calculated. Whole brain scans were performed using MAGNETOM Trio 3.0t magnetic resonance imaging from Siemens. After the preprocessing of time layer correction, head motion correction, registration, segmentation, and spatial standardization, the Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)， Degree centrality (DC), Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), and Functional connectivity (FC) were calculated.

Results: (1) compared with CG, the RT of the AG and the SG were significantly shorter (P＜0.05), and the SSRT of the SG significantly shorter than the CG and AG (P＜0.05); (2) Compared with the CG, the left supplementary motor area, bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidum and thalamus ALFF values in the SG were significantly enhanced, besides, the ALFF value of SG was significantly enhanced the AG in the bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidum and thalamus (P＜0.01); (3) compared with the CG, the DC value in the left supplementary motor area, bilateral caudate, globus pallidum and thalamus of the SG were significantly enhanced, and compared with the AG, the DC of the left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral caudate, putamen and thalamus in the SG were significantly enhanced (P＜0.01); (4) compared with CG, SG significantly enhanced VMHC value in bilateral medial frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, caudate, putamen, globus pallidum and thalamus (P＜0.01); (5) the AG than in CG in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, caudate and putamen FC significantly enhanced (P＜0.05), SG than in CG in the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral putamen, globus pallidum inside and outside, the thalamus FC significantly enhanced (P＜0.005), and SG than the AG , at the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral putamen, globus pallidum inside and outside FC significantly enhanced (P＜0.01)；(6) There was a significant negative correlation between SSRT and the right frontal gyrus-left caudate (r=-0.473, P＜0.01).

Conclusion: (1) Different special training has different effects on the direct and indirect pathways of brain motor control. Closed skill training can improve reaction ability, while open skill training can improve reaction and inhibition ability；(2) The strength of the FC between the right inferior frontal gyrus-the left putamen may be the key to improve inhibitory ability, and the left supplementary motor area-the bilateral thalamic loop may play an inhibitory role in motor control.