随着计算机和网络的不断普及，从城市到乡村，使用网络的青少年越来越多，而过度使用网络会严重影响青少年的身心发展，许多研究者从家庭因素、个体因素等方面来探索网络过度使用的形成机制。本研究关注家庭因素与个体因素对网络过度使用的共同作用，采用人口学问卷、病理性互联网使用量表、青少年疏离感量表、FAM Ⅲ家庭功能评价量表等多个问卷量表，调查了安徽省中部县级中学的250名中小学生网络过度使用、家庭功能、疏离感的基本情况及不同群体的差异情况，探讨了青少年家庭功能、疏离感与网络过度使用的关系，主要得到的结论如下：1. 本研究调查县级中学的中小学生，不使用网络者占35.2%，网络适度使用者占58.4%，网络过度使用者占6.4%。青少年网络过度使用主要表现在心境改变、突显性、社交抚慰等方面。不同性别、是否独生子女、年级的青少年在网络过度使用上均没有显著差异。2. 本研究样本青少年的家庭功能较为良好，不同性别、是否独生、年级等人口学变量对家庭功能没有显著影响。网络过度使用者的家庭功能显著差于不使用网络者、网络适度使用者。家庭功能与网络过度使用之间存在显著相关。家庭功能中的卷入、情感表达、控制等因子可以共同解释19.6%网络过度使用的变异。3. 本研究样本的总体疏离感较低，一阶因子的社会疏离得分较高，二阶因子的压迫拘束感平均得分较高。不同性别、是否独生、年级、网络使用程度等变量对疏离感存在显著影响，女生显著高于男生，非独生子女显著高于独生子女，初二学生显著高于五年级学生，网络过度使用者显著高于不使用网络者、网络适度使用者。疏离感与网络过度使用之间存在显著相关。疏离感中的无意义感、社会孤立感、亲人疏离感等3个二阶因子可以共同解释26.6%网络过度使用的变异。4. 中介效应检验方法发现疏离感在家庭功能影响青少年网络过度使用间起完全中介作用。

With the development of computers and the Internet, teenager internet users are becoming increasing from city to country. However, the internet has influenced adolescents both mentally and physically. This research focuses on the interaction of families and individuals factor relating to the Internet overusing. Data were collected by means of there questionnaires of Demography Inventory, Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale (APIUS), Adolescent Alienation Scale (AAS) and Family Assessment Measure (FAM) from 250 Primary and Middle school students in Anhui province. The research investigated the basic situation of the Internet overusing, family function and the alienation, examined the differences between groups, and discussed the respective relationship among adolescents’ internet overusing, family functioning and the alienation. The major findings were as follows:1. These investigated students, 35.2% were non-Internet-user, 58% were moderate-Internet- users and 6.4% were excessive-internet-users. The score of mood alternation, salience, and social comforts were higher than other dimensions. There was no significant difference on gender, grade and one-child in the internet using. 2. The adolescents’ family functioning was good. Gender, grade, only-child had no main or interactive effects on the FAM scores. However, there was internet use difference on the FAM scores. The excessive-internet-users had clearly weaker family functioning than the non-Internet-user and the moderate-internet-users. Thus, adolescents’ family functioning has related to the internet overusing. The dimensions of involvement, affective expression and control could account for 19.2% of the total variation in internet overusing. 3. The total score of alienation of this sample was not high. However, the social alienation scored higher than interpersonal alienation, and the oppressive constraint was higher at second- order dimensions. Gender, grade, only-child and the degree of internet using directly contributed to the alienation. Girls scored higher than boys did, the students who had brothers or sisters scored higher than the only-child, students of grade eight scored higher than grade five, and the excessive-internet-users scored higher than those moderate-Internet-users and non-Internet-user. Thus, adolescents’ alienation has related to the internet overusing. The second-order dimensions of meaningless, social isolation, parent alienation could account for 26.6% of the total variation in internet overusing.4. The Mediating Effect Analyses has discovered that the adolescents’ alienation completely mediated between the family functioning and Internet overusing.