中国是世界上最主要的锑储量和生产大国，湖南省冷水江市锡矿山锑产量占全球的60％，位居世界第一，采矿带来的锑及其他重金属污染成为冷水江市面临的主要环境问题。探究锡矿山周边地区土壤重金属地球化学规律，确定其地球化学基线，对于明晰区域土壤环境现状、制定区域环境政策以及合理规划城市发展等都有重要作用。因此，本文以锡矿山周边地区冷水江市为研究区，选择林地、水田、旱地、试验田4种土地利用类型，采集土壤样品共64份，测试分析其粒度组成、pH值、有机质含量以及6种典型重金属元素锑（Sb）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）的浓度，并识别了主要污染物锑（Sb）的赋存形态。采用标准化法、累积频率曲线法、迭代剔除法以及盒须图法4种方法确定了锡矿山周边地区土壤中6种重金属的地球化学基线，并综合评价了研究区重金属的累积污染水平和潜在生态风险：研究区6种重金属元素Sb、Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr的基线值分别为25.86 mg/kg，125.72 mg/kg，34.64 mg/kg，25.66 mg/kg，35.77 mg/kg，96.18 mg/kg，除Cu外均高于湖南省土壤背景值，具有地球化学基线意义，研究区土壤重金属累积污染水平以轻度和中度污染为主，生态风险水平为轻微潜在风险。

China is the world’s most important antimony reserve and producer. The antimony output of Xikuangshan in Lengshuijiang City, Hunan Province accounts for 60% of the world’s total, ranking first in the world. Antimony and other heavy metal pollution caused by mining has become the main environmental issue faced by Lengshuijiang City. Exploring the geochemical laws of soil heavy metals in the surrounding areas of Xikuang Mountain and determining their geochemical baselines play an important role in clarifying the current status of the regional soil environment, formulating regional environmental policies, and rationally planning urban development. Therefore, this paper takes Lengshuijiang City in the surrounding area of Xikuang Mountain as the research area, selects four types of land use: woodland, paddy field, dry land, and test field. A total of 64 soil samples are collected to test and analyze their particle size composition, pH value, organic matter content, and the concentration of 6 typical heavy metal elements antimony (Sb), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), and identify the occurrence form of the main pollutant antimony (Sb). The standardization method, cumulative frequency curve method, iterative elimination method, and box-and-whisker plot method were used to determine the geochemical baselines of six heavy metals in the soil around the Xikuangshan area, and comprehensively evaluated the cumulative pollution level and potential ecology of heavy metals in the study area risk. The geochemical baseline values of the six heavy metal elements Sb, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the study area are 25.86 mg/kg, 125.72 mg/kg, 34.64 mg/kg, 25.66 mg/kg, 35.77 mg/kg, 96.18 mg/kg, respectively. Except for Cu, All of them are higher than the soil background value in Hunan Province, which has the significance of the geochemical baseline. The cumulative pollution level of heavy metals in the soil in the study area is mainly light and moderate pollution, and the ecological risk level is a slight potential risk.