调解根植于我国独特的儒家文化传统，在近代我国法律现代化的过程中仍然倍受重视。我国的调解制度不仅包括法院调解制度，还包括人民调解制度和行政调解制度，在这三者之中起主要作用的被认为是法院调解。我国社会正处于转型期，各类利益纠葛凸显，群体性事件和上访案件数量居高不下，司法判决常常难以得到及时执行，法院调解便是解决这些问题的灵丹妙药。如果司法判决是解决社会纠纷的最后的选择，那么法院调解便是纠纷解决机制中“最初的屏障”。 所以，本文认为研究法院调解制度有着很强的理论价值和实践意义，能解答一些当前的现实问题。然而，盲目追求调解率甚至不顾法律的规定强行进行调解等一系列问题在实际的司法过程中暴露出来，法院调解一时间也被推上了风尖浪口，倍受诟病。可见，如何完善该制度使其最大限度地发挥作用为构建和谐社会提供法律保障是一项非常紧迫的任务。本文分四大部分。第一部分先介绍了我国法院调解制度的内涵、属性、实施原则以及历史上的演变路径。这段概述是明确法院调解是具有浓厚传统文化色彩的、符合中国国情的、在历史和现实中都发挥着很大作用的制度，为下文的论述打下基础。第二部分将目光转向国内，分析了大调解背景下法院调解的最新动向，归纳法院调解重新繁荣的原因以及目前部分法院尝试调审分离的几种典型范例，继而对这些新实践展开了分析并指出问题所在。第三部分是对美国、日本和台湾这些先进国家或地区的调解制度进行介绍，在剖析域外先进经验和我国实际国情的基础上，总结出一些可行的建议以供借鉴。最后一部分是阐述调审合一的合理性，否定调审分离，最后在调审合一保持不变的框架下，提出自己的几点构想，用以完善我国特色的法院调解制度。

The court mediation system with Chinese characteristics plays an important role on resolving conflicts and disputes, which is also known as Chinese legal “Oriental experience”. In legal practice, the court mediation system is principal part of diversified mechanism of dispute settlement. For resolving conflicts and disputes quickly and effectually, the court mediation is inarguable, due to saving the handling costs and burdens of judicial system. However, a tendency of pursuing of “conciliation rate” become popular, with the increasing and acute and complex civil disputes in china, what measures we can take to make the court system become more efficient and prominent and perform its legal function have become a hot theme.This article mainly includes four parts. In the first sector, the author speaks about basic concept of court mediation and the special tendency, aspects and big problems of the court mediation. What is more, this paper points out and analyzes the new changes and some unique characteristics in current society in the sector two. The third chapter compares the different advanced court mediation systems in foreign countries and regions and surmises some important rules. The fourth chapter focuses on how to restructure the court mediation system and find several ways to solve the problems. The author hopes that the court mediation system makes most advantages under new social and legal situations.