语素是语言中最小的音义结合体。以往学界对于语素的研究多集中于定性研究，但是定性研究会忽略一些语素的类别或特点，而语素的定量研究能够发现一些以往研究中不曾关注到的新问题。本文以《现代汉语词典》（第七版）为材料来源，按顺序从词条中提取语素，提取了《现代汉语词典》A-E的2030条语素，然后从定量角度对语素进行分类、数据统计、描写现象以及解释成因。

论文主要包括绪论和六个章节：

绪论部分主要对语素的定性研究以及定量研究进行综述，梳理前人对于语素研究的成果，并阐述本研究的研究方法和研究目标以及语料来源。

第一章主要界定语素相关概念，明确本文对于语素的定义和名称的选择，以及语素的判定方法和本文对语素进行分类研究的三个标准。

第二章主要明确在构建语素表的过程中语素提取的过程、特殊语素的处理原则以及语素的属性标记，为后文奠定基础。

第三章从来源角度对语素进行定量研究分析，将语素分为自源语素和外来语素两大类，自源语素又根据来源分为书面语语素、口语语素、方言语素、历史语素和通用语素五大类，外来语素又分为音译语素和借形语素两大类。通过对每一类语素的数量进行统计和分析，可以得知现代汉语语素中自源语素占绝大多数，且自源语素中除了通用语素，其他四类的构词能力都较弱。对于外来语素，本文提出了一种新的语素类型——借形语素，并且发现英语是外来音译语素的主要来源语言，外来语素的类型和数量与历史上几次大规模的语言接触有关。

第四章从音节角度对语素进行定量研究分析，将现代汉语语素分为单音节语素、多音节语素和非音节语素三大类，对每一类语素进行定量统计和分析，并对多音节语素和非音节语素进行重点阐述。多音节语素往往涉及非语素音节的语素化，通过分析发现，由于汉语单音节语素占多数这一规律推动，部分多音节语素随着使用频率的增加而转化为用其中一个音节来记录该多音节语素，也即完成了从非语素音节到单音节语素的转化。此外，学界对于是否存在非音节语素以及“儿化”的“儿”是否属于语素有较大争议，本文认为“儿化”属于非音节语素，并对儿化在与单音节语素搭配时的作用、类型以及语体特征等进行详细阐述。

第五章从构词能力角度对语素进行定量研究分析，先根据语素是否可以单独成词将语素分为成词语素和不成词语素两大类，再将成词语素分为永远成词语素和非永远成词语素两类，将不成词语素分为构词定位语素和构词不定位语素两类，并分别对每一类语素的概貌进行描写，并对构词位置和构词能力进行描写和分析。然后通过几组案例分析，发现对语素构词的制约因素影响最大的是语素的语义特征，所以在语义中心论视角下的语素构词研究比句法视角的语素构词研究更有价值。

第六章是结语部分，对本文的研究内容和成果进行总结，并指出了不足之处。

A morpheme is the smallest phonological-semantic combination in language. Previous studies on morphemes have mostly focused on qualitative research, but qualitative research would ignore some categories or characteristics of morphemes, while quantitative research on morphemes can discover some new issues that have not been focused on in previous studies. This thesis uses the Modern Chinese Dictionary as the material source to extract morphemes from the lexical items in order, and extracts 2030 morphemes from A-E of the Modern Chinese Dictionary. Then we classify the morphemes, make statistics, describe phenomena and explain the causes from a quantitative perspective.

This thesis mainly includes the following six chapters:

The first chapter mainly defines the concept of morpheme, clarifies the determination method of morphemes and the three criteria of morpheme classification.

The second chapter mainly clarifies the process of extracting morphemes and the processing principles of special morphemes in the process of constructing morpheme table, as well as the attribute annotation of morphemes.

The third chapter analyzes the quantitative analysis of morphemes from the source perspective, and divides the morphemes into two categories: native morphemes and foreign morphemes. The native morphemes can further devide into five categories: written morphemes, spoken morphemes, dialectal morphemes, historical morphemes and universal morphemes, while the foreign morphemes include phonetic-borrowed morphemes and form-borrowed morphemes. Meanwhile, the number of each type of morphemes is then counted and analyzed.

According to the syllables of morpheme, chapter 4 divides modern Chinese morphemes into three major categories: monosyllabic morphemes, polysyllabic morphemes and nonsyllabic morphemes. We quantitatively count and analyze each type of morphemes, and pay more attention to polysyllabic and nonsyllabic morphemes. Through the analysis, we find that morphemization often occurred in polysyllabic morphemes. Due to the predominance of monosyllabic morphemes in Chinese, a single non-sense syllable in one polysyllabic morpheme can transforme into one morpheme with the frequency of use increases. In addition, there are controversies about the existence of nonsyllabic morphemes and whether the "er" is a morpheme. But this thesis considers "er" as a nonsyllabic morpheme and then expounds the types, functions and distribution of "er".

The fifth chapter classifies morphemes from the perspective of word formation ability. First, according to whether morpheme can be used as a word directly, morphemes can be divided into two categories: word morphemes and non-word morphemes. Then the word morphemes are further divided into two categories: forever-forming word morphemes and non-ever-forming word morphemes according to whether the morphemes can participate in word formation. Meanwhlie, according to whether the position of the morpheme is fixed when participating in word formation, the non-word morphemes are classified into two categories: morphemes that are positioned and morphemes that are not positioned. This chapter depicts the overview of each type of morpheme separately, and then describes and analyzes the morpheme position and morpheme formation ability.

Chapter 6 is the concluding section, which summarizes the research content and results of this thesis, and points out the shortcomings.