环境科普场所是进行环境教育的重要载体和有效手段，可以有效地提高全社会的环境意识，促进和谐社会的建设。国内外现有的环境科普场所种类繁多、形式各异，但目前对这些环境科普场所的整体情况研究并不完整，特别是企业和科研院所进行环境科普的研究更为缺乏、实践上也较为落后；本研究试图对国内外各类型环境科普场所进行较为全面的描述和研究，补充和完善国内外环境科普场所的整体状况研究。目前，我国建立了环境教育基地、国家环保科普基地、国土资源科普基地等多种环境科普场所，名称繁多，虽各自的侧重点不同，但有些重复和混乱；本研究可以对国内环境科普场所的建设起到一定的指导和借鉴作用。本文依据国内政府部门的相关文件，结合国内外环境科普场所的具体情况，将环境科普场所分为“场馆类”、“自然保护区类”、“企业类”和“科研院所类”四类，采取文献研究法、案例研究法和横向比较法对国内外各类环境科普场所的整体情况进行了描述及详细案例介绍，并从国内外各类环境科普场所、各类环境科普场所之间两方面进行了对比，对比项目包括类型、面积、环境科普相关体制的完善度、开放情况、资金来源、科普机构设置、科普形式、展厅展示手段和解说情况、合作情况十项。整体情况描述结合对比结果表明：国外环境科普场所的科普功能要强于国内；场馆类和自然保护区类环境科普场所的环境科普功能明显强于企业类和科研院所类环境科普场所；国内外各类环境科普场所的科普形式较为类似；政府对环境科普有非常重要的影响；科普场所的“知名度”越高，环境科普功能越强；国内外各类环境科普场所合作广泛和环境科普活动方面的非营利性质。结合我国建设环境教育基地、国土资源科普基地和国家环保基地的现状，对我国建设和发展环境科普场所提出以下建议：政府相关各部门之间应该加强沟通与合作，注重整理已有资源，合并类似的环境科普场所称号；注意加强政府的支持和引导作用，而非“全权包办”；建立健全环境科普法律体制，对各类型场所进行环境科普给予一定的约束，重点构建各类环境科普场所的评估体系；重视对现有资源的利用，丰富环境科普形式，让环境科普渗透社会各个方面，也成为人们喜闻乐见的形式；发挥企业类和科研类环境科普场所在环境科普方面的优势，加强其环境科普功能。

Places of environmental science popularization are vital carriers and efficient approaches of environmental education, which can raise the environmental awareness among the public and promote the construction of harmonious society. Currently, places of environmental science popularization are in large variety of types both at home and abroad. However, there is a lack of overall research of these places, especially the research that carried out by enterprises and research institutions, and in terms of putting it into practice, it is far behind the others. This research, however, is to generate a more comprehensive description and research of these places both at home and abroad, and to compensate the short of the holistic research condition towards the places of environmental science popularization. Nowadays, a great amount of places of environmental science popularization have been built, which include environmental education bases, national bases of environmental protection popularization, and science popularization bases of national resources. Although they emphasis on different aims, there is an overlap and chaos of these places. This research, therefore, could be an instruction and a reference to the construction of civil environmental science popularization bases.This article relies on related documents of government departments. It integrates the specific condition of environmental science popularization places and reorganizes them into four categories, which are indoor places, natural reserves, enterprises, and research institutions. This article depicts the general condition of environmental science popularization and introduces cases in detail using literature analysis, case study and horizontal comparison method. Comparisons between environmental science popularization places in China and those out of China, and comparisons among different types of these places have been made. 10 items are used, which are types, area, extent of completeness, access condition, sources of capital, installment of science popularization institution, format of science popularization, methods of indoor exhibition, conditions of explication, and conditions of cooperation. Description of overall condition, along with the comparisons which have been made shows that the overall conditions are similar between China and other countries in general, which means both of them consist of all sorts of exhibitive and interactive science popularization activities, and large indoor places usually have perfect explication system, but the places in other countries have better function than those in China. No matter at home or abroad, indoor places and natural reserves have a more prefect system and laws and regulations are more impeccable, and their function of environmental science popularization is better than that of enterprises and research institutions. Government has a pivotal impact on construction and development of environmental science popularization places. In general, the more "popularity" that a science popularization place has, the better function it has. All types of places are non-profit in the aspect of environmental science popularization, all of the required capital is from the government, and they all have powerful strength of research. There are extensive co-operations not only among types of places, but between these places and government, non-governmental organizations and academy. Although all types of places cater to the public of all classes, students and children are still main target.Accordingly, in construction and development of environmental science popularization, communication and cooperation should be enhanced between each government department. Current resource should be integrated, that is, similar places should be merged. Support and direction from government should be reinforcement, but not "full arranged". Legal system of environmental science popularization should be established, so as to restrict the activities in all types of places, but to build a rating system. Attention to the utilization of current resources should be paid; format of environmental science popularization should be enriched, so that the environmental science popularization can widely spread to all aspects of the society, and be loved by the public. Those environmental science popularization places of enterprises and research institutions should take their advantages to enhance their function.