技术干扰(Technoference)是指由于手机、电脑等电子设备的干扰而导致人际互动中断的现象(Stockdale et al., 2018)。这种由技术引起的干扰成为影响家庭关系和儿童发展的新威胁。发生在家庭中的由父母手机使用引发的技术干扰可能会通过多种途径直接或间接增加孩子患上手机依赖的风险，包括使用手机不良习惯的榜样示范、亲子互动减少、对儿童寻求关注的需要表现出敌意，也包括家庭冲突的增加、夫妻关系和教养行为质量的下降等。此外，与成年人相比，自控力弱、身心发展不平衡的小学生更容易形成手机依赖(陶建青 等, 2018)，并对其生理、心理以及社会功能产生负面影响(Roser et al., 2016)。所以本研究对6923名小学生和父母进行了问卷调查，探讨了因家庭中父母手机使用所引发的夫妻情境或亲子情境技术干扰的一般状况及其对小学生手机依赖的影响机制以及性别差异。研究以期针对不同群体特点，从规范父母手机使用、提高家庭保护功能方面入手，为以后儿童手机依赖的干预提供建设性意见。主要结论如下：

1. 在家庭中，夫妻互动情境和亲子互动情境中的技术干扰均处于中等水平。母亲报告的夫妻情境技术干扰要多于父亲报告的；男生报告的亲子情境技术干扰要多于女生。

2. 夫妻情境技术干扰显著正向预测小学生手机依赖；夫妻冲突、共同养育在夫妻情境技术干扰和小学生手机依赖之间起完全中介作用，夫妻冲突和共同养育在其中的链式中介作用显著；夫妻冲突的中介效应存在明显的性别差异，主要表现在母亲群体中，而父亲群体中不存在该效应。

3. 亲子情境技术干扰显著正向预测小学生手机依赖；亲子关系、消极教养方式在亲子情境技术干扰和小学生手机依赖之间起中介作用，亲子关系和消极教养方式的链式中介作用显著；亲子关系的中介效应存在明显的性别差异，主要表现在男生群体中，而女生群体中不存在该效应。

4. 夫妻情境技术干扰和亲子情境技术干扰对小学生手机依赖存在协同作用机制。夫妻情境技术干扰在亲子情境技术干扰对亲子关系的影响中起调节作用，夫妻情境技术干扰较高时，亲子情境技术干扰对亲子关系破坏更大，但调节效应较小。

Technoference is a phenomenon in which human interaction breaks down because of the interference of electronic devices such as televisions, cell phones and computers (Stockdale et al., 2018). This technology-induced disruption is a new threat to family relationships and child development. Technology disruptions that occur in the home due to parents' smartphone use may directly or indirectly increase a child's risk of smartphone dependence in a number of ways, including the use of smartphone model demonstration of bad habits, the decrease of parent-child interaction, the manifestation of hostility to children seeking attention needs, also including the increase of family conflict, the destruction of conjugal relationship, and a drop in the quality of parenting behavior, etc. In addition, compared with adults, primary school students with weak self-control and unbalanced physical and mental development are more likely to form smartphone dependence (Tao et al., 2018), which has a negative impact on their physiological, psychological and social functions (Roser et al., 2016). Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire survey among 6923 primary school students and their parents, and explored the general situation of technoference caused by parents' smartphone use in marital interaction situations or parent-child interaction situations, and its influence mechanism on smartphone dependence of primary school students and gender differences. Based on the characteristics of different groups, this study aims to provide constructive suggestions for the intervention of children's smartphone dependence from the aspects of regulating parents' smartphone use and improving family protection function. The main conclusions are as follows:

1. In the family, the technoference in the conjugal interaction situation and parent-child interaction situation were both at the medium level. Mothers reported more technference in the conjugal situation than fathers; boys reported more parent-child situational technoference than girls.

2. Technoference in conjugal relationship could significantly actively effect smartphone dependence of primary school students; Couple conflict and co-parenting played a fully mediating role between technoference in conjugal relationship and smartphone dependence of primary school students; Couple conflict and co-parenting played a significant role in the chain mediation; The mediating role of couple conflict in the correlation between technoference in conjugal relationship and smartphone dependence of primary school students were significant among mother，but not among father.

3. Technoference in parent-child relationship could significantly actively effect smartphone dependence of primary school students; Parent-child relationship and negative parenting style played significant mediating roles between technoference in parent-child relationship and smartphone dependence of primary school students; parent-child relationship and negative parenting style played a significant role in the chain mediation; The mediating role of parent-child relationship in the correlation between technoference in parent-child relationship and smartphone dependence of primary school students were significant among boys, but not among girls．

4. There is a synergistic mechanism between technoference in conjugal relationship and technoference in parent-child relationship interference on smartphone dependence of primary school students. Technoference in conjugal relationship plays a moderating role in the influence of technoference in parent-child relationship on parent-child relationship. When technoference in conjugal relationship is high, technoference in parent-child relationship damages the parent-child relationship more, but the moderating effect is small.