随着现在社会的快速发展和生活水平的提高，使人们对健康问题越来越加以重视。近年来，国家对中小学生的身体健康给予了更多的关注，但主要侧重于身体形态、身体机能及身体素质这三个方面。根据《北京市2016--2017年度卫生与人群健康状况报告》显示，肥胖与近视比例正在上升，侧面反映出一些不良生活习惯正在影响儿童身体健康的发展。而身体姿态站在生物力学的角度上是评价一个人生长发育水平的一项重要内容，正确的姿态对每个人来说是至关重要的，人的外在形象恰巧可以映射出其身体姿态的状态，同时与体质健康也有很大的关联。在儿童生长发育期间不仅是形成正确身体姿态的重要阶段，也是培养运动技能和养成良好生活习惯的最佳时期。

北京市昌平巩华学校自2015年至今，在“北京师范大学参与北京市小学教育特色发展项目”的支持下，在小学开设了系统规范的艺术体操新课程。本研究采用文献资料法和实验法，对巩华学校二年级51名女生为研究对象，并且本人以艺术体操教师的身份参与整个实验过程。试图证明艺术体操练习是否对身体姿态中头颈部、肩部、胸背部、骨盆、腿部、足部和整体观等指标具有改善作用，以及对于儿童的速度、柔韧和灵敏素质是否有提高，借此为儿童塑造良好的体态，强化身体素质，为其在以后学习较复杂的运动技能中打下扎实的基础。

经过三学年的艺术体操练习干预，得出如下结论：

（1）根据实验前对二年级51名女童进行身体姿态测评，其中有38名女生存在不良身体姿态问题，在窝肩驼背、骨盆前倾和O型腿等发生异常姿态率最高。

（2）经过三学年实验干预后，存在不良身体姿态人数由38名下降至16人，占总人数的31.37%，不良姿态总人次为10人。在身体前倾、头前伸和骨盆前倾问题改善效果最佳，改善率为100%，其次是对高低肩、窝肩驼背和O型腿的改善效果，改善率在80%以上，说明艺术体操练习对身体姿态要求较高，对改善不良身体姿态有明显的效果。但是，由于干预时间频率的局限性，对X型腿姿态问题改善效果并不明显。

（3）通过实验前后身体素质的结果对比分析发现，女生的速度、柔韧和灵敏三项指标成绩均存在明显的显著性差异，其中提升效果最明显的是速度素质（50米跑）和灵敏素质（1分钟跳绳），其次是柔韧素质（坐位体前屈），说明参加艺术体操练习有助于提高儿童身体素质的发展，并且有利于强化其运动能力的提高。

With the rapid development of society and the improvement of living standard, people pay more and more attention to health problems. In recent years, the state has given more attention to the physical health of primary and middle school students, but mainly focuses on the form of the body, body function and physical quality of these three aspects. Obesity and myopia are on the rise, reflecting some bad habits that are affecting children's health, according to a report on health and people's health in Beijing 2016-2017. The body posture from the perspective of biomechanics is an important part of the evaluation of a person's growth and development level. The correct posture is of vital importance to everyone. The external image of a person happens to be able to reflect the state of his body posture, which is also closely related to his physical health. During children's growth and development, it is not only an important stage to form correct body posture, but also the best time to develop motor skills and good living habits.

Since 2015, Beijing changping gonghua school has set up a new rhythmic gymnastics course in primary school under the support of "Beijing normal university's participation in the characteristic development project of primary school education in Beijing". In this study, 51 girls in grade two of gonghua school were studied by the method of literature and experiment, and I participated in the whole experiment as a teacher of rhythmic gymnastics. Trying to prove whether exercise to the body posture of rhythmic gymnastics in head and neck, shoulders, chest, pelvis, leg, foot back and view on the overall index have to improve the effect, and the child's speed, flexibility and sensitive quality improve, to shape good posture for children, to strengthen the body quality, for its more complex motor skills in the future study to lay a solid foundation.

After three years of rhythmic gymnastics practice intervention, the following conclusions are drawn:

(1) According to the body posture assessment of 51 girls in the second grade before the experiment, 38 of them had the problem of bad body posture, and the abnormal posture rate was the highest in the fossae shoulder hunchback, pelvic forward tilt and o-leg.

(2) After three years of experimental intervention, the number of people with bad body posture decreased from 38 to 16, accounting for 31.37% of the total number of people, and the total number of people with bad body posture was 10. The improvement effect was the best in the problems of body tilt, head stretch and pelvis tilt, with the improvement rate of 100%, followed by the improvement effect of high and low shoulders, hump and o-type legs, with the improvement rate of more than 80%, indicating that rhythmic gymnastics exercises have higher requirements on body posture, and have obvious effects on the improvement of bad body posture. However, due to the limitation of the intervention time frequency, the improvement effect on the x-leg posture problem was not obvious.

(3) By the results of relevant physical quality before and after the experiment analysis and comparison, the speed of the girls, flexibility and sensitive three indicators have obvious difference, including to enhance the quality effect is one of the most obvious speed (50 meters) and the sensitive quality (1 minute skip rope), followed by flexible quality (ZuoWeiTi proneness), explain in rhythmic gymnastics practice help to improve the development of children's physical quality, and is conducive to strengthening the movement ability enhancement.