汉字的历时认同包含职能与形体两个方面，而汉字职能的认同与汉字形 体的认同又往往会产生矛盾。《通用规范汉字表》囊括了社会一般应用领域的 现代汉字，《说文解字》则是对周秦时代书面用字及词义的系统性收录与总结。 将二者所收录的汉字进行历时性认同，既可以看出古今汉字构形系统与字用 情况的传承，也可比较其差异。本文以《通用规范汉字表》一级、二级字表所 收录的 6500 个规范字及其对应繁体字为研究对象，将其与《说文解字》所收 录的正篆、重文及新附字分别进行历时性认同。首先，本文从职能与形体两个 角度出发，分别确立一套现代汉字与小篆的历时认同原则。而后根据该原则， 对《字表》与《说文》所收汉字进行历时性认同，最终形成《（一、二级字表）与汉字认同对照表》附于文末。而后，本文 将《字表》与《说文》汉字历时认同结果分为五类，并对各个类别的具体认同 情况与产生原因进行整理与分析。最后，本文对汉字在发展与使用过程当中其 形体与职能变化的一般规律进行总结与分析，以期对汉字的构形演变研究、字 用发展研究产生一定的帮助与促进。

The diachronic identification of Chinese characters encompasses both functional and morphological aspects, and the identity of the functions of Chinese characters and the identity of the morphology of Chinese characters are often in conflict. The Universal Standardized Chinese Character List includes modern Chinese characters for general applications in society, while the Shuowen Jiezi is a systematic collection and summary of written characters and word meanings from the Zhou and Qin dynasties. By identifying the Chinese characters included in both lists over time, it is possible to see the inheritance of the morphological system and usage of ancient and modern Chinese characters, as well as to compare their differences. In this paper, we take the 6,500 standard characters and their corresponding traditional characters included in the first and second levels of the Universal Standardized Chinese Character List as the object of study, and identify them with the orthographic characters, rewritten characters, and new characters included in the Shuowen Jiezi. Firstly, the paper establishes a set of principles to identify modern Chinese characters with the Little Seal Script from two perspectives: function and form. Based on these principles, the paper then identifies the Chinese characters included in the "Character List" and "Shuowen", and finally forms the Comparison Table between the "General Standardized Chinese Character List" (1st and 2nd level character lists) and the "Shuowen Jiezi" Chinese characters, which is attached at the end of the paper. After that, this paper divides the results of the historical identifications of the Chinese characters in the "Character List" and "Shuowen" into five categories, and compiles and analyzes the specific identifications and causes of each category. Finally, this paper summarizes and analyzes the general rules of the development and use of Chinese characters from the Small Seal Script, with the aim of helping and promoting the study of the evolution of Chinese characters and the development of their usage.