本文以共词化理论为基础，运用语言类型学中语义图模型方法对18种语言中的“吃”“喝”概念进行了跨语言对比研究。通过观察、分析和解读“吃”“喝”概念的概念空间和功能概念空间模型发现，二者的语义引申基于隐喻的相似性原则和转喻的相关性原则呈现出由具体到抽象、由物质到精神、由主体到客体的理据性特征；二者的及物用法比不及物用法具有更强的功能性和拓展性。除了语义引申的共性特征之外，语义图模型还呈现出“吃”“喝”语义功能因在人类认知系统中具有显赫性的区别造就的个性特征。由于动作“吃”具有“咀嚼”环节而动作“喝”缺失该环节，在语义衍生路径中，“吃”概念的“伤害”语义被凸显，“喝”概念的“获取和接受”语义被凸显。且由于动作“吃”在人类认知系统中更具有显赫性，在大部分语言中“吃”概念的语义引申比“喝”概念更为丰富。

Based on colexification theory, this paper made a cross-language comparison between eat and drink concepts among 18 sample languages by means of Semantics Map Model of linguistics Typology. Through observation, analysis and exploration of the conceptual space and function semantics map model in regard to eat and drink concepts, what can be found is that the semantic deriving path of the two follows the principles of similarity from metaphor and pertinence from metonymy, which present that the reasonable motivation and regular cognitive patterns feature from concrete to abstract , physical form to mental form as well as subject to object. In addition, both eat and drink concepts reflect that the transitive usage has stronger functionality and derivation capacity than intransitive usage. With the exception of universal properties of eat and drink concepts, semantics map model interprets their unique features of semantic function with respect to the distinction of prominence and mightiness in human cognition system. Due to the fact that eating process is bound to rumination link whereas drinking process is not, the destruction meaning of eat concept become prominent while the obtainment and acceptance meaning of drink concept become prominent. Besides, on account of the stronger prominence of eat concept than drink in human cognition system, the semantics extension of eat in most of sample languages are more abundant than drink.