野生物贸易已成为国内和国际贸易的一个重要组成部分，促进了国民经济的发展和人类社会福祉的改善。野生物贸易涉及众多的野生物物种及圈养物种，涉及诸多的环节和许多利益相关方，且贸易量与日俱增，带来很大的生态环境和社会经济问题。本文首先对野生物贸易所带来的社会经济和生态环境影响进行简要概述，在此基础上尝试建立野生物贸易的经济效益和环境影响评估框架。该框架首先需要对目标物种的贸易类型进行分级，后针对特定类别的贸易分别对该目标物种贸易的经济效益和环境影响做出评估。此后本研究以中国的虎贸易为例，探讨中国93年禁令下中国的虎贸易行为对经济和环境的影响。通过分析贸易进出口信息和非法贸易查获金额等数据，多方位间接评估中国虎贸易给中国带来的社会经济影响。通过查询野生虎种群及圈养虎种群数量及其动态变化资料，评估中国虎贸易对野生虎种群、其它受影响种群以及生态系统的影响。此后，对相应利害关系作综合分析。

This paper provides a brief overview of the economic and environmental impacts of wildlife trade and establishes a framework for economic benefits and environmental impact assessment of wildlife trade. The framework first needs to rank the type of trade of the target species, and then evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of the trade on the target species for each particular type of trade. Since then, this article takes China's tiger trade as an example to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of China's tiger trade after the 1993 Domestic Trade Ban of tiger bones and rhino horn. By collecting data such as trade import and export information and illegal trade seizures, we will indirectly assess the economic benefits of China's tiger trade. By searching the populations of wild tiger and captive tiger population and their dynamics, we will assess the environmental impact of China's tiger trade. After that, a comprehensive analysis of the corresponding interests will be made.