政党政治是现代社会的一个重要标志，其成熟与否是后发国家政治现代化的决定性因素之一。抗日战争时期，陕甘宁边区政权纳入了南京国民政府序列，成为国民政府独立自主的特区。在陕甘宁边区，中国共产党一方面通过完善组织体系、理论体系和制度体系加强了自身建设，另一方面正确处理好党与政权机关、各党派以及群众之间的关系，取得了成功经验。

研究陕甘宁边区政党政治的尝试，既有助于深化政党历史和理论的研究，又有利于指导新时代中国政党政治实践的发展，兼具理论与实践双重意义。本文旨在从整体上梳理和研究陕甘宁边区政党政治的尝试，通过对党政、政党和党群关系的探讨，详细考察中国共产党与政治社会各要素互动的情况，进而重点厘清政党政治运行背后隐藏的逻辑。通过总结中国共产党对党政、政党和党群关系的探索经验，发掘政党运行的客观规律，为中国共产党执政方式的改进提供现实启示。

陕甘宁边区政党政治的尝试并非偶然，而是在深厚理论指导下，立足于全民族抗战“同心圆”构筑的时代背景，植根于陕甘宁边区社会实践基础的产物。中国共产党既处于严峻残酷的战争环境中，对外民族矛盾尖锐，对内阶级矛盾突出；又面临着封建落后的边区社会状况：民众经受着恶劣的自然条件，困苦的经济状况以及落后的思想文化。在这样的背景下，中国共产党对陕甘宁边区的党政、政党及党群关系进行了有益探索。

党政关系的探索是陕甘宁边区政党政治尝试的重要课题。对党政关系的处理关系着中国共产党自身能力的建设以及民主政治的发展。陕甘宁边区政权对党政关系的探索与实践可以说是中国共产党党政关系发展的起步阶段，为新时代新型党政关系的构建提供了重要借鉴。本文主要从中国共产党领导能力的锤炼和“三三制”参议会民主政权的建立两个方面论及党政关系。

政党关系的探索是陕甘宁边区政党政治尝试的重要一环。陕甘宁边区政权对政党关系的探索包括与国民党、民主党派及人民团体之间的关系。首先是对国民党，中国共产党采取既联合又斗争的方式。从中国共产党对国民党既联合又斗争的关系处理中可以看出，中国共产党所作的决定是基于民族利益，党派阶级矛盾让位于民族矛盾。其次是对民主党派，中国共产党采取团结争取的政策，在陕甘宁边区贯彻实行三三制，让民主党派人士通过参政议政参与政权建设中。最后是对人民团体，中国共产党通过制定纲要办法，规范团体发展，调整组织机构，发挥其在民运中的作用。

党群关系的探索是陕甘宁边区政党政治尝试的重要成就。抗日战争时期与解放战争时期是中国特色社会主义党群关系的发轫时期。陕甘宁边区和谐党群关系的形成与其推进边区民主政治和经济建设，开展社会改造运动以及加强党的自身建设是分不开的。研究其成功的理论和实践经验，对于新时代进一步构建和谐、稳定的新型党群关系，永葆党的先进性具有重要指导意义。

中国共产党在陕甘宁边区对探索党政、政党和党群关系的理论和实践经验，对于新时代新型党政关系、稳定政党关系、和谐党群关系的构建具有重要指导意义。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，世情、国情和党情的巨大变化对政党政治的发展提出了新的诉求，结合陕甘宁边区政党政治尝试的成功经验与教训，明确政党政治的发展方向，按照政治体制改革和政治发展的渐进原则，在中国特色社会主义民主政治的道路上，积极探索适合国情的发展方式，有利于推进政党政治的科学化、民主化和法治化。

Party politics is an important symbol of modern society, and its maturity is one of the decisive factors in the political modernization of late-developing countries. During the Anti-Japanese War, the regime of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was incorporated into the Nanjing National Government and became an independent special zone of the National Government. In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, on the one hand, the Communist Party of China has strengthened its own construction by improving the organizational system, theoretical system and institutional system. On the other hand, it has correctly handled the relationship between the party and the government organs, parties and the masses, and has achieved successful experience.

The attempt to study the party politics in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region not only helps to deepen the study of party history and theory, but also helps to guide the development of China 's party political practice in the new era, which has both theoretical and practical significance. The purpose of this paper is to sort out and study the party politics in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region as a whole. Through the discussion of the relationship between the party and the government, the party and the party, the interaction between the Communist Party of China and the elements of the political society is investigated in detail, and then the hidden logic behind the operation of the party politics is clarified. Through the summary of the exploration experience of the Communist Party of China on the relationship between the party and the government, the party and the party, the objective law of the operation of the party is explored, which provides practical enlightenment for the improvement of the ruling mode of the Communist Party of China.

The attempt of party politics in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is not accidental, but under the guidance of profound theory, based on the historical background of the construction of the " concentric circle " of the whole nation 's war of resistance, rooted in the social practice foundation of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.The Communist Party of China is in a severe and brutal war environment, with sharp external ethnic conflicts and prominent internal class conflicts. It also faces the feudal backward social conditions in the border areas : the people are suffering from harsh natural conditions, poor economic conditions and backward ideology and culture. In this context, the Communist Party of China has made useful explorations on the party-government, party and party-mass relations in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.

The exploration of the relationship between the party and the government is an important subject of the party politics in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The handling of the relationship between the party and the government is related to the construction of the party 's own ability and the development of democratic politics. The exploration and practice of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region regime on the party-government relationship can be said to be the initial stage of the development of the party-government relationship of the Communist Party of China, which provides an important reference for the construction of a new type of party-government relationship in the new era. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between the party and the government from the two aspects of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the establishment of the " three three system " Senate democratic regime.

The exploration of political party relations is an important part of the party political attempt in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The exploration of political party relations by the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region regime includes the relationship with the Kuomintang, democratic parties and people 's groups. The first is to the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China to take both joint and struggle. From the relationship between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang, it can be seen that the decision made by the Communist Party of China is based on national interests, and party class contradictions give way to national contradictions. Secondly, for the democratic parties, the Communist Party of China adopted the policy of unity and struggle, implemented the three-three system in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and allowed the democratic parties to participate in the construction of political power. Finally, for the people 's organizations, the Communist Party of China regulates the development of the group, adjusts the organization, and plays its role in the people 's movement by formulating guidelines.

The exploration of the relationship between the party and the masses is an important achievement of the party politics in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The period of the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation is the beginning of the relationship between the party and the masses of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The formation of a harmonious party-masses relationship in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is inseparable from its promotion of democratic political and economic construction in the border region, the development of social transformation movements, and the strengthening of the party 's own construction. Studying its successful theoretical and practical experience has important guiding significance for further building a harmonious and stable new party-mass relationship in the new era and maintaining the advanced nature of the party.

The theoretical and practical experience of the Communist Party of China in exploring the relationship between the party and the government, the party and the masses in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region has important guiding significance for the construction of new party-government relations, stable party relations and harmonious party-masses relations in the new era. Since socialism with chinese characteristics entering a new era, the great changes in the world situation, national conditions and party conditions have put forward new demands for the development of party politics. Combined with the successful experience and lessons of party politics in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, the development direction of party politics is clarified. According to the gradual principle of political system reform and political development, on the road of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, actively explore the development mode suitable for national conditions, which is conducive to promoting the scientific, democratic and rule of law of party politics.