大规模的储能技术是解决风能、太阳能等间歇性清洁能源能否有效利用和持续发展的关键因素。压缩空气地质储能（Compressed Air Energy Storage in Aquifers，CAESA）指采用具有良好盖层顶板的适宜含水层介质作为储气空间进行储能，具有成本低和介质分布广泛的特点，越来越受到世界各国的关注。 由于目前国际上对该技术尚无详细的研究，本论文采用理论分析和数值模拟结合的方法对系统运行过程进行分析，提出并解决影响该系统效率和实用性的主要问题，包括储层性质的影响、储-释能中井筒流动过程的参数优化以及储层改造方案的研究。研究的主要内容和结论如下： 1.通过分析系统概念模型和运行过程，优化了井筒-储层系统中气水两相流动和能量变化的数值模拟方法T2WELL/EOS3，并利用已有实测数据验证了模拟方法的合理性。建立系统理论模型并对系统运行过程进行模拟，研究发现：（1）具有封闭盖层的含水层能够作为储气空间并具有良好的储能效率；（2）能量的损失主要是由于高压空气在储层中的扩散损失和其在井筒流动中与周围地层热量交换的损失。 2.采用理论和数值模拟分析了影响压缩空气地质储能系统效率的储层性质关键因素，包括储层的渗透率、孔隙度、结构、埋深和原生矿物可能发生的化学反应。研究发现：理想的储层系统需要满足以下条件：（1）高渗透率且大孔隙度的储气空间和低渗透率的边界条件；（2）适宜的储层埋深，能够保持稳定的压力供给以及减少热能损失；（3）储层矿物类型化学性质稳定，防止发生氧化反应造成储层渗透率减小和后续燃烧效率的降低。 3.运用数学方程推导和数值模拟方法，针对井筒流动过程的工作井的结构设计和循环操作的主要参数进行研究。提出井筒传热过程新的数学模型并通过积分变换进行求解，与传统解的对比验证了解的准确性和适用性。利用得到的数值解分析综合井筒热传导系数和地层热扩散率，发现随着井筒结构的热阻能力增大和地层热扩散率的减小，井筒内高压空气的热量损失越小。采用数值模拟对井筒贯穿储层程度和储能规模设计进行研究，发现增大井筒贯穿目标储层程度和储能规模，能够保持稳定运行的压力和提高储能效率。进一步根据储能过程中能量的交换过程，研究并设计了U型工作井，实现了储能与地热初步的耦合。 4.根据理想储层性质的描述，采用TOUGH2/GEL和T2WELL/EOS3联合模拟证实了“先注浆液，然后注水驱替”建立低渗边界的设计方案并发现改造后的储层能够极大的提高系统效率。对低渗边界建立的影响因素进行了敏感性分析，研究发现：（1）浆液的临界固结浓度越小，低渗边界的建立效果越好；（2）浆液的粘度随时间增大越快，建立的边界渗透率越低；（3）浆液与地层水的密度比决定了边界的形态和完整性，不同含水层结构对应不同的最佳密度比；（4）注水驱替速率对结果影响不大，存在最佳注水总量使得储气空间达到最大。 本研究对压缩空气地质储能进行了详细的理论分析，建立了该技术的完整理论框架并展现了其实际应用的价值。研究结果为后续示范工程实施奠定了基础，也为我国能源结构改革提出了可供参考的技术思路。

The large-scale energy storage technology is the key factor, which can solve the effective utilization and sustainable development of intermittent clean energy, such as wind energy and solar energy. The technology of compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) is attracting more and more attention, which is due to the available widespread aquifer with the closed cap rock and the lower cost. As there is no detailed research in the world, the systematic research is important for its application in the future. In the paper, the flow and energy variance process are studied combining the theoretical analysis with numerical simulation method based on the conceptual model. The main problems are proposed and studied for its application, including the influence of the aquifer properties, wellbore parameter and the technology method to alter aquifers for better efficiency. The researches and the conclusions are as following: 1. Based on the researches of conceptual model and system principle, the numerical simulation method T2WELL/EOS3 was proposed and modified, which can describe the gas-water phase and energy variance combing the wellbore and reservoir. And it was verified well to describe the process of compressed air energy storage in aquifers. The model was established and the flow process and energy flow process were analyzed using the numerical simulation method.The results showed that：(1) it performed well energy storage efficiency using the aquifers with closed cap-rock; (2) the pressured air diffusion loss in the aquifer and the heat transfer in the wellbore were main reasons for energy loss. 2. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method were adopted to study the influence of the aquifers property, including the permeability, porosity, structure, depth and the mineral composition. It found that the ideal reservoir system condition needs to have the following properties: (1) a high permeability and porosity storage space enclosed by low permeability boundary; (2) the suitable reservoir depth range, which can support enough pressurized air and reduce the heat loss; (3) the steady chemical properties of the reservoir minerals, which can prevent the decrease of reservoir permeability and subsequent combustion efficiency due to oxidation reaction. 3. The parameters of the wellbore structure design and operation during cycle process are studied by mathematical analysis and numerical simulation. A novel wellbore heat transfer model was proposed, which was suitable for the characteristics of compressed air energy storage, and solved by integral transformation. The accuracy and applicability were verified by comparison with traditional solutions. Sensitivity analysis was carried on by the method of numerical simulation, including overall wellbore heat transfer coefficient and the formation thermal diffusivity. It found that increasing the insulation performance of wellbore structure and reducing the surrounding formation thermal diffusivity can reduce the heat loss though wellbore. Moreover, the wellbore length penetrating aquifer and energy storage scale were studied by numerical simulation. The results showed that the longer wellbore penetrating aquifer and larger energy storage scale can keep the stable operation pressure and improve the energy storage efficiency. Further, a U-shape wellbore was designed to implement the coupling of energy storage and geothermal energy based on the energy transfer process along the wellbore. 4. Based on the ideal reservoir condition, the method to alter the high permeability aquifer has been studied. The proposed design scheme, which firstly injected grout and then injected water to displacement, was verified that it can establish the low permeability barrier and perform well for system using the TOUGH2/GEL combining with T2WELL/EOS3. Further, sensitivity analysis was carried out on the influence factors established on the low permeability boundary. The results showed that: (1) lower the critical solidification concentration is ,and better the barrier can be created; (2) when grout viscosity variance with time is faster ,it is more beneficial to the low permeability barrier; (3) the density of grout can determine the permeability and completeness of the created barrier, the optimum density ratio of different aquifer structure is different ; (4) the injection rate of follow-up water had little effect and an optimal amount of water existed to maximize the volume of storage space. In the paper, the detailed theoretical framework of the technology for compressed air energy storage in aquifers was established and the value of practical application was shown. It not only lay a foundation for the further research and demonstration project, but also put forward the technical ideas for energy structure reformation in China.