实验教学是自然科学类学科教学的一种特殊方式，已经被广泛应用于物理、化学和生物等学科的基础教育教学活动中，相应的理论和实践体系也相对完善。但是，地理实验教学并未在我国基础教育阶段的地理教育中普遍应用，尚未形成较为科学、完备的地理实验教学体系。随着地理核心素养的提出，地理实践力的培养成为中学地理教育的核心任务之一，地理实验教学的重要性亦随之凸显出来。为适应学科特点，顺应时代发展对教育教学的育人需求，基层教育工作者需要重视地理教学实验的设计和开发，对之开展必要的教育教学研究。 本文通过文献研究、问卷调查和个别访谈等方法，结合课堂实践，对地理教学实验的设计和开发进行了探讨；比较系统地阐述了地理实验教学的必要性和地理教学实验设计的原则和理念，并在此基础上初步设计和开发了行星地球相关实验、地球运动相关实验、气象气候相关实验、地球上的水相关实验、地质地貌相关等五个系列的教学实验案例；试图以此推动地理实验教学在实践中的应用，协助突破高中地理的教学难点。 本文主要由五个部分构成： 第一部分为绪论。主要对地理学科的性质和特点进行了分析，交代了研究的背景、意义和目的，并界定了地理实验、地理实验教学和自然地理实验等概念。 第二部分为文献综述和前期调研。通过文献研究了解国内外高中地理教学实验实施和研究现状，找出现有研究的不足和空白领域；此外，运用问卷和访谈对高中地理教学实验的必要性和设计原则进行了调研，据此确定研究的主要方向和内容。 第三部分为高中自然地理教学实验的设计。就地理实验的重要性和地理实验设计的必要性做了阐述，对限制我国中学地理实验的因素做了分析，对高中自然地理实验从多个角度进行了归类，陈述了地理实验设计的原则和理念，确定了地理实验设计的主要步骤，并就地理实验设计和实验教学实施对地理教师的要求做了分析。 第四部分为高中自然地理教学实验的开发。根据第三部分中确立的实验设计原则、理念、步骤等，依据现行教科书开发了五个系列、二十五个高中自然地理实验案例。 第五部分为结语，对研究结论做了概括性的阐述，指出了研究的特色和不足，对未来研究规划做了展望。

Experimental teaching is a characteristic teaching method of natural science teaching, which is widely used in the teaching of physics, chemistry and biology.The natural science attribute of geography requires that geography teaching should also promote students 'understanding of the principle and regularity knowledge through experiments, like physics, chemistry and biology, and cultivate students’ observation ability, subject thinking, practical operation ability, interest in science, especially geography, and rigorous and realistic scientific attitude and style in the course of experiments.But the geography experiment teaching in our country has not yet formed a perfect system. In order to adapt to the characteristics of disciplines and meet the needs of the times for educators in education and teaching, geography experiment teaching should be normalized. The design and development of geography experiment teaching should be regarded as an important content of education and teaching research for basic-level educators. Through questionnaires, literature studies and interviews , this paper collects and relevant materials in combination with classroom practice, carries out experimental exploration and design, systematically expounds the necessity of geographical experimental teaching and the principles and concepts of experimental design of geographical teaching, and on this basis, designs and develops a set of demonstration experiments preliminarily ,then exploratory experiments involving the earth movement, the earth's atmosphere and so on.I designed a series of experiments, such as water on the ball, topography and ?terrain?landform.They are designed to promote the research on geography experiment teaching and to break through the difficulties of geography teaching in senior high schools effectively. This paper mainly consists of the following five parts: The first part is the introduction, which mainly analyses the nature and characteristics of geography, explains the background, significance and purpose of the research, and defines the concepts of geography experiment, geography experiment teaching and natural geography experiment. The second part is the summary of the research. Through the literature study, we understand the implementation and research status of high school geography experiment at home and abroad, summarize the shortcomings of existing research, and determine the main direction of this study. This part introduces the main research methods adopted in this paper. The third part is the experiment design part. It elaborates the importance of geography experiment and the necessity of geography experiment design. It analyses the factors restricting geography experiment in middle schools in China, classifies high school physical geography experiment from various angles, lists the principles and concepts of geography experiment design, and clarifies the main steps of geography experiment design and geography experiment design and experiment teaching. Implementing the requirements for geography teachers is the core of this paper. The fourth part is the practice of the experimental design principles, concepts, steps and other theories in the paper. Twenty-five high school physical geography experimental cases are developed with reference to the existing textbooks. The fifth part is the conclusion of the study, which makes a general exposition of the conclusions of the study, points out the characteristics and shortcomings of the study, looks forward to the future research planning, and elaborates on several problems existing in the basic education teaching research in China from the perspective of a front-line educator.