世界上超过90%的城市污水处理都采用活性污泥处理工艺，污泥产量巨大，且随着处理率的提高日益增多。由于污泥含水率高，体积大，脱水性能差，污泥后续处理成本高，因此，如何提高污泥的脱水性能，减小污泥的体积，以降低污泥后续处理费用已成为一个很重要的研究课题。 用物理、化学或生物的方法对污泥进行前处理，能改变污泥絮体的物理性质、化学组成，破坏污泥的胶体结构，减小污泥与水的亲和性，从而改善污泥脱水性能。化学调理由于操作简单，投资成本低，处理效果较稳定而被广泛采用。目前常使用的污泥调理剂大部分都是阳离子型高分子絮凝剂，因其具有吸附架桥和电中和作用，能达到良好的固液分离效果。但是对调理剂的选择以及调理剂的最佳用量仍然要以实际污泥试验为基础。本实验主要是以移除污泥絮体中的水分为主要目的，使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）两种化学药剂，对昆山市昆山建邦环境投资有限公司(北区污水厂)浓缩池的污泥进行调理，研究阳离子表面活性剂及其与阳离子高分子絮凝剂共同作用对污泥脱水性能的影响及其改善。 阳离子表面活性剂是由疏水基通过共价键与带正电荷的亲水基相连的表面活性剂，通常阳离子表面活性剂的疏水基由烃基构成，亲水基由含氮、磷、硫等原子的可携带正电荷的基团构成。CTMAB有一条较长的疏水链，它的作用原理可以通过Laplace-young方程来解释。向活性污泥系统中加入阳离子表面活性剂，一方面能够降低气/液界面张力，增大固液界面接触角；另一方面可以增大毛细半径，减少毛细吸水压力，从而改善活性污泥的脱水性能。 实验数据表明：单独使用CTMAB调理污泥，能改善污泥的脱水性能，投加量为泥样干质量的25%时，污泥含水率可降至80.44%，但是CTMAB对污泥的沉降性能的改善不是很明显。污泥离心后上清液中CODCr值、胞外糖含量及蛋白质含量都随CTMAB投加量的增加而不断增大。当CTMAB投加量为污泥干质量的25%时，上清液中CODCr值为5.27g/L、胞外糖含量235.0mg/L及蛋白质含量1386mg/L。采用CTMAB与CPAM协同调理，CTMAB投加量为泥样干质量的25%、CPAM投加量为3‰时，污泥含水率可降低至79.79%，效果较单独使用一种调理剂较好。此时，上清液中CODCr值为4.18g/L、胞外糖含量152.0mg/L及蛋白质含量979.2mg/L。

More than 90% of the world's urban sewage treatment use activated sludge treatment process. Production of sludge is large and with the increase of treatment rate is increasing. Since the sludge contain large proportion of water, and its dewaterability is poor, thus resulting in the increasement of cost of sludge treatment and disposal. As a result, how to enhance the dewaterability of sludge and reduce the cost of sludge treatment becomes an important research in the world. With the physical, chemical or biological methods for sludge pretreatment can change the physical properties and chemical composition of sludge flocs, destroy the sludge colloid structure and reduce the affinity of sludge between water and colloid particals, thus improving the dewaterability of sludge. The medicament conditioning becomes a common method because of simple operation and low cost. At present, the sludge conditioners are mostly cationic macromolecular flocculants which can bring about good solid-liquid separation through bridging and charge neutralization effects. According to this, the main purpose of experiment is moving the water in the sludge flocs. Sludge which was from Sludge thickener of Kunshan Jianbang environment on Investment Co., Ltd was mixed by CTMAB and CPAM , the effects and improvement of cationic surfactants and cationic macromolecular flocculants on the dewaterability of sludge were discussed. Cationic surfactants are chemical matters which are combined through covalent bond between hydrophobe groups and hydrophilic groups with positive charge. Generally, hydrophobe groups of cationic surfactants contained alkyl; hydrophilic groups were constituted with groups containing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur atoms which could take positive charge. The length of hydrophobe chain present in CTMAB was long. Its functional theory could explained through Laplace-young equation. When the activated sludge was treated with cationic surfactants, the interfacial tension between gas and liquid could be reduced and the contact antenna could be advanced; on the other hand, the sludge dewaterability was improved through heightening the capillary radius and minishing the capillary sop pressure. Experimental results indicated that: Using CTMAB to condition sludge can improve the sludge dewaterability, and after centrifugation the CODCr value, extracellular sugar content and protein content of sludge supernatant increased with increasing of CTMAB dosage’s constantly increasing. The dosage of CTMAB about 25% of dry weight of mud-like was better, the sludge moisture content can be reduced to 80.44%, the CODCr value was 5.27g/L, the extracellular sugar concentration was 235.0mg/L and the protein concentration was 1386mg/L. But CTMAB on the improvement of sludge settling characteristics was not obvious. Using CTMAB and CPAM combined to condition sludge, sludge moisture content can be reduced to 79.79%, when the CTMAB dosage was 25% of dry weight of mud-like, the CPAM dosage was 3‰ of dry weight of mud-like. the effect was better than that CTMAB alone for the sludge conditioning. At this point, in the sludge supernatant, the CODCr value was 4.18g/L, the extracellular sugar concentration was 152.0mg/L and the protein concentration was 979.2mg/L.