在碳达峰、碳中和的政策背景下，一系列支持新能源汽车产业发展的金融政策、环境政策陆续出台。这些政策大力推动了新能源汽车的产业发展，然而其环境效益可能在不同地区有不同表现。本文采用118个城市2015年-2022年的月度面板数据，以推广新能源汽车专用号牌政策为例，探究了推广新能源汽车政策对大气中二氧化硫浓度的影响。研究发现，在新能源推广政策实施后，新能源汽车政策推广会使空气中二氧化硫的浓度增加。在火力发电为主的能源结构中，推广新能源汽车实际上是将汽车在行驶过程中产生的污染转移到了电力生产阶段，电动汽车取代燃油车并没有减少硫排放。新能源汽车的推广政策在火力发电占比高的地区对二氧化硫浓度的影响显著高于占比较低的地区。本文建议，配合新能源汽车推广的相关政策，政府更应在改进发电结构上出台相应政策，例如鼓励金融企业向火力发电企业提供专项环境友好转型贷款，推动火力发电厂改进技术，控制火力发电的废气排放；政府可以差异化推行新能源汽车推广政策并且出台政策优化我国电力能源结构，以此改善一系列新能源汽车产业支持政策推行后的带来的环境效应。

With the goals of “reaching carbon peak by 2030” and “achieving carbon neutrality by 2060”, a handful of financial and environmental policies were made to promote the development of electric vehicles, which accelerated the industrial advancement, but has geographically heterogeneous ambiguous environmental impacts. This article uses monthly panel data from 118 cities from 2015 to 2022, taking the promotion of new energy vehicle license plate policies as an example, to explore the impact of promoting new energy vehicle policies on the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. We found that after the implementation of new energy promotion policies, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in areas will increase. In the energy structure dominated by thermal power generation, promoting new energy vehicles actually transfers the pollution generated by vehicles during operation to the electricity production stage, and electric vehicles replacing fuel vehicles do not reduce sulfur emissions. The promotion policy of new energy vehicles has a significantly higher impact on sulfur dioxide concentration in areas with a higher proportion of thermal power generation than in areas with a lower proportion. Finally, this article suggests that in line with the relevant policies for the promotion of electric vehicles, the government should introduce corresponding policies to improve the power generation structure, such as encouraging financial enterprises to provide environment-friendly transformation loans to thermal power generation enterprises, promoting thermal power plants to improve technology, and controlling the exhaust emissions of thermal power generation. The government can differentiate the promotion policy of new energy vehicles and introduce policies to optimize China's power energy structure, so as to improve the environmental effects brought about by the implementation of a series of new energy vehicle industry support policies.