农村能源作为国家能源系统组成部分，已成为近年来的研究热点。农村能源消费结构关系到生态环境与居民健康，认知农村能源消费结构、推进能源消费结构转型对国家能源体系建设具有重要意义。本文基于调查问卷获取的第一手数据，采用描述性统计分析模型，对重庆市大足区农村能源消费数据进行分析，建立能源消费结构，并利用Tobit模型定量研究其影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）重庆市大足区能源消费结构以电力与油品等高质商品能源为主，薪柴与秸秆等传统非商品能源为辅，太阳能与沼气等清洁能源发展滞后。（2）户主受教育水平、家庭常住人口、家庭年收入、非农经济比重影响农村能源消费结构。政府应加强基础设施建设，提高农村家庭收入水平，把控商品能源价格，做好清洁能源舆论宣传工作，推进农村能源消费结构转型升级。

Rural energy, as an integral component of the national energy system, has become a research hotspot in recent years. The rural energy consumption structure is related to the ecological environment and the health of residents, and it is significant to recognize the rural energy consumption structure and promote the transformation of energy structure for the construction of national energy system. Based on the first-hand data obtained from the survey questionnaire, this paper analyzes the rural energy consumption data of Dazu District, Chongqing, uses a descriptive statistical analysis model to establish the energy consumption structure, and uses Tobit model to quantitatively study its influencing factors. The results of the study show that (1) the energy consumption structure of Dazu District, Chongqing City is dominated by high quality commodity energy such as electricity and oil, supplemented by traditional non-commodity energy such as fuelwood and straw, and the evolution of clean energy such as solar energy and biogas lags behind. (2) The level of education of the head of the household, the resident population of the household, the annual income of the household, and the proportion of non-farm economy affect the structure of rural energy consumption. The government need to strengthen infrastructure development, raise the income of rural households, control the price of commodity energy, and attach importance to the publicity of clean energy to promote the transformation and upgrading of rural energy consumption structure.