教育公平是教育界的永恒追求，教育不公问题是当前世界各国所关注的重点问题。南非的教育在长期的种族隔离制度下，被打上了歧视性的种族主义烙印，不同种族之间的教育存在巨大的差距。为促进教育公平，南非实施了教育肯定性行动。通过研究南非的教育肯定性行动，一方面有利于加强我们对于南非教育公平的理解与认识；另一方面也能为我国促进教育公平提供一定的经验启示。

本研究采用文献研究法，对南非教育肯定性行动的动因、政策与实施、实施的成效进行了分析。在分析南非教育肯定性行动出台的动因方面，基于多源流理论的视角，从问题源流、政治源流、政策源流三方面角度分析南非教育肯定性行动政策之窗的开启。此外，本研究还基于利益相关者理论的视角，分析了该项行动中存在的利益博弈的冲突，并对南非利益相关者的利益平衡提出了建设性意见。

通过对南非教育肯定性行动动因、实施、成效以及利益博弈进行分析，本研究得出了以下结论：1.南非出台教育肯定性行动是受种族隔离制度、黑人奋起反抗以及政权更迭等多种因素共同影响的结果。2.南非教育肯定性行动从保障教育机会、优化教育资源以及改革教育过程等方面入手，多层次、全方位改善非洲人的教育情况，促进教育公平。3.南非教育肯定性行动对种族平等起到了成效，但种族隔离制度在教育领域留下的消极影响并没有完全消除。4.南非教育肯定性行动面临着黑人、白人等不同利益相关者之间的博弈冲突，如何协调好核心利益相关者的冲突仍然任重而道远。通过对该研究的分析，可以得出如下启示：在注重教育公平的同时也应注重提高教育质量；通过调节贫富差距与阶级差异来改善教育公平；构建利益相关者共同参与的教育肯定性行动政策。

Educational equity is the eternal pursuit of educational community, the problem of educational injustice is a key issue concerned by countries all over the world. Under the long-term Apartheid system, education in South Africa has been marked with discriminatory racism, and there is a huge gap in education between different races.  In order to promote educational equity, South Africa has implemented Affirmative Action on education. Through the study of the Affirmative Action of education in South Africa, on the one hand, it strengthens our understanding and recognition of educational equity in South Africa; on the other hand, it can also provide some experience and enlightenment for our country to promote educational equity.

By using the method of literature research, this study analyzes the motivation, policy and implementation and effectiveness of South Africa’s Affirmative Action. In the aspect of analyzing the motivation of educational Affirmative Action in South Africa, based on the perspective of Multiple-Streams Theory, this paper analyzes the opening of the policy window from three aspects: problem stream, political stream and policy stream. In addition, this study also analyzes the conflict of interest game in this action from the perspective of Stakeholder Theory, and puts forward constructive suggestions on the balance of interests of South African stakeholders.

Through the analysis of the motivation, implementation, effectiveness and interest game of Affirmative Action in South Africa, this study draws the following conclusions: 1. The Affirmative Action of education in South Africa is the result of many factors, such as Apartheid, black rebellion and regime change.2. This action starts with ensuring educational opportunities, optimizing educational resources and reforming the educational process to improve the educational situation of Africans in a multi-level and all-round way and promote educational equity. 3. Affirmative Action on education in South Africa has had an effect on racial equality, but the negative impact of Apartheid in the field of education has not been completely eliminated. 4. This action faced with the game conflicts between blacks, whites and other different stakeholders, and how to coordinate the conflicts of core stakeholders still has a long way to go. Through the analysis of this study, we can draw the following enlightenment: We should pay attention to the quality of education while paying attention to educational equity; By adjusting the gap between the rich and the poor and class differences to improve the equality of education; and build the Affirmative Action policy on education with the participation of stakeholders.