社会角色认知是幼儿社会认知的重要组成部分，影响幼儿的社会角色行为。本研究以医院情境为例，选取90 名3 一6 岁幼儿，采用情境观察法和访谈法，对3 一6 岁幼儿社会角色认知发展的水平进行了探讨。研究发现：3 一6 岁幼儿的社会角色认知水平随着年龄的增长不断上升；中小班幼儿社会角色认知水平无显著差异，中大班幼儿社会角色认知水平存在显著差异。中班向大班的过渡阶段是幼儿社会角色认知水平发展的重要年龄时期。男孩和女孩的社会角色认知水平在本研究中差异不显著。3 一6 岁幼儿社会角色认知体现出相对简单化、固着化的特点，同伴在角色认知活动中有一定的影响作用。

Social role cognition is an important field of the domain of children’s social cognition , which influences the kids ' social role behavior.Taking the situation of hospital as an example , this research choose 90 children from 3 to 6 years old , manage the method of conditional observation and interview to explore the developmental level of social role cognition between 3 一6 years old . The result turned out that children is social role cognition level along with age increasing submits the current of growing up . The level of social role cognition of the children between middle and small has no obviously difference.The level of social role cognition of the children between big and middle has remarkable difference . Thus period from 5 to 6 is a quite crucial time for the development of social role coglnition . The level of role cognition of children between boy and girl has no distinct difference which shows there is no marked difference of gender . Relatively simple and settled role cognition is the characteristic during these years . Peer interaction has impact on the activities of role cognition .