农村宅基地是我国无偿分配给农民的基本居住场所，体现了国家对农民的最低限度的福利保障。随着工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快和户籍制度改革，大量农村人口走出农村涌入城市，开始出现农村“空心化”、农民“老龄化”以及农户“空巢化”等“乡村病”，导致大量农村宅基地处于闲置状态。近年来，农业收入在农民收入中的占比逐渐下降，农民迫切期望获得农村宅基地财产权益。但是受“一户一宅”和流转主体身份资格的限制，城市居民无法参与农村宅基地的流转，集体经济组织内部成员转入“二手闲置宅基”的动力不足，使农村闲置宅基地处于内部流转不畅、外部流转受限的状态。2021年《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》提出：“建立健全城乡要素平等互换、双向流动的政策体系，促进要素更多向乡村流动，增强农业农村发展活力。”在我国提出农村宅基地管理制度改革和城乡融合的背景下，分析市民参与农村宅基地流转意愿及影响因素，对制定符合实际的宅基地流转制度进而推动城乡融合和乡村振兴具有重要现实意义。

结合宅基地“三权分置”改革，宅基地流转的本质是使使用权在不同主体之间实现转移，宅基地能否流转不仅取决于供给方的意愿，也取决于需求方的意愿，同时还受到需求方购买能力及宅基地管理制度的影响。根据我国现行法律规定宅基地只能在集体经济组织内部成员之间流转，事实上由于农村人口大量外迁，内部流转无法达到盘活利用闲置宅基地的目的，反而因保障为主、效率为辅的福利性政策导向，使得宅基地不减反增，与城乡融合背景下国家倡导的盘活利用闲置宅基地的改革目标不相符。在内部需求不足，外部流转受限的现实矛盾下，如何引入外部力量参与闲置宅基地盘活利用具有一定的研究价值。本文立足农村宅基地限制流转导致宅基地闲置浪费这一问题，援引土地产权理论、城乡融合理论、理性选择理论、制度变迁理论，以需求方城市居民为研究对象，从“为何利用”“谁来利用”“受何因素影响”“如何利用”四个维度搭建理论分析框架，并以新疆阿克苏地区温宿县为例，通过理论阐述和二元Logistic回归模型分析，对城市居民参与农村宅基地流转的意愿和影响因素进行分析评价。

研究结果表明：市民参与农村宅基地流转既受到个人、家庭、生活偏好、政策认知等内部因素的影响，还会受到宅基地禀赋、政务服务和社会环境等外部因素的影响。其中对政策认知的偏差是造成市民参与农村宅基地“隐性流转”的主要原因；生活偏好特征符合需求层次理论，代表市民具有追求优越居住条件的偏好；政务服务特征代表政府在宅基地流转中发挥作用优劣将左右市民是否做出参与农村宅基地流转的决策；社会环境特征代表市民具有“法不责众”的从众心理，在权衡社会环境因素和法律政策限制后，盲目跟风参与农村宅基地流转。因此在现行法律无法约束市民参与农村宅基地流转的情况下，在城乡融合发展和宅基地管理制度改革的政策推动下，应以提高农村土地利用效率、增加农民收入及壮大村集体经济为目标，尽快完善农村宅基地流转制度，适度放活宅基地使用权流转范围，探索市民有偿、有期限使用农村宅基地的制度规范，推动人才、技术、资金等要素在城乡之间合理配置有机融合，带动农业产业化集约化发展，做大做强乡村旅游产业，为建设农业强、农村美、农民富的社会主义新农村注入城市力量。

The rural homestead is the basic living place allocated to farmers free of charge in our country, which reflects the states minimum welfare guarantee for farmers. With the continuous acceleration of industrialization, urbanization and the reform of household registration system, a large number of rural resident have left the countryside and poured into the city, leading to the appearance of the rural issues such as hollowing-out of the rural areas, aging of the farmers and the empty nesting. As a result, a large number of rural homesteads are idle. In recent years, with the accelerated development of urban-rural integration, the proportion of agricultural income in farmers income has gradually declined. The dependence of farmers on land has gradually weakened, and the inherent demand for the manifestation of the property properties of the homestead has exceeded its life security function. The farmers expectation to achieve property income through the transfer of rural homestead is rising. However, limited by "one house for one household" and the identity qualification of the transfer subject, urban residents cannot participate in the transfer of rural homesteads. The internal members of the collective economic organization dont have enough incentives to transfer into the “second-hand, idle homesteads”, which means the rural idle homesteads are in a state of poor internal circulation and limited external circulation. In 2021, “The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035” was proposed: we should establish and improve the policy system of equal exchange and two-way flow of urban-rural elements for promoting the flow of factors to the countryside, meantime enhancing the vitality of agricultural and rural development. Therefore, under the background of our country putting forward the reform of rural homestead management system and the integration of urban-rural areas, the analysis of citizens willingness to participate in rural homestead transfer and its influencing factors have important practical significance for formulating a practical homestead transfer system and promoting urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.

Combined with the reform of the "separation of rights" of homestead, the essence of the circulation of homestead is to transfer the right of use between different subjects.The circulation of homestead depends on the willing of the suppliers, the need of the buyers, the purchasing ability of the buyers and the homestead management system. According to the current law of our country, the homestead can only be transferred among the members of the collective economic organizations. In fact, due to the relocation of a large number of rural population into cities, the internal circulation limited within remaining rural population can not achieve the purpose of revitalizing and utilizing idle homestead, which goes inconsistent with the welfare policy guidance of security first and efficiency second, and the homesteads number has not decreased but increased. Under the realistic contradiction of insufficient internal demand and limited external circulation, how to introduce external forces to participate in the activation and utilization of idle residential land has a certain research value. Based on the problem of rural homestead idle waste caused by restricted circulation of rural homestead, this paper cites the theory of land property rights, urban-rural integration, rational choice and institutional change, takes the residents of the demand-side city as the research object, builds a theoretical analysis framework from the four dimensions of "why should we invigorate and utilize", “who will activate and utilize”, “what factors affect invigorating and utilizing” and "how to activate and utilize". Taking Wensu County, Aksu City of Xinjiang Province as an example, this paper analyzes and evaluates the willingness and influencing factors of urban residents to participate in rural homestead transfer through theoretical elaboration and binary logistic regression model analysis.

The result shows that the willingness of citizens to participate in rural homestead transfer is affected not only by personal characteristics, family characteristics and homestead endowment characteristics, but also by life preferences, policy cognition, government services and external environment. Among these, the deviation of policy cognition is the main reason for citizens participation in the "recessive circulation". And the characteristics of life preference are in line with the hierarchical theory of demand, which represents that citizens have a preference for pursuing superior living conditions. Moreover, the characteristics of government services represent the role of the government in the transfer of homesteads, which affect the citizens decision-making about participating in the transfer of rural homesteads. Besides, the characteristics of the external environment represent that the citizens have a herd mentality of “the law won't blame the public”. After weighing the external environmental factors and the restrictions of laws or policies, they blindly follow the trend to participate in the circulation of rural homestead. Therefore, under the circumstance that the current law cannot restrict citizens form participating in the transfer of rural homestead, promoted by the policy of urban-rural integration development and homestead management system reform, we should improve the efficiency of rural land use, increase farmers income, strengthen the village collective economy, improve the rural homestead circulation system as soon as possible,  appropriately release the circulation scope of homestead use rights, explore the system of citizens paid and limited use of rural homesteads, choose the mode of invigorating and utilizing idle rural homestead according to local conditions, promote the rational allocation and organic integration of talents, technology, funds and other factors between urban and rural areas, drive the intensive development of agricultural industrialization, and expand and strengthen the rural tourism industry and injecting urban power into the construction of a new socialist countryside with strong agriculture, beautiful countryside and rich farmers.