梁方仲是20世纪中国著名的经济史学家，他的研究工作，为中国经济史学、史学的社会科学化做出了重要贡献，在20世纪中国史学史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。
20世纪以来，吸收社会科学的理论、方法，向社会科学进发，创辟具有现代意义的经济史学，是中国史学现代转型的重要方面。自梁启超《新史学》以来，这一趋势一致得以演进。20世纪30年代，历史学社会科学化趋势深入演进，经济史学得以多途发展。中研院社会科学研究所，是其中具有代表性的一支学术力量。
梁方仲是从中研院社科所成长起来的代表性经济史学者。他具有以经济学为主的社会科学教育背景，自研究生时代踏上经济史研究之途，1934年毕业后长期在北平社会调查所及其后并入的中研院社会科学研究所工作。梁方仲的学术取径，颇受其学术平台影响。梁方仲的学术生涯，历经了新中国成立前的走向成熟期和新中国成立后的转型期。梁方仲一生以对明代赋役制度的研究为重点，以对明代粮长制度、一条鞭法等问题的研究而闻名于世，兼及对中国经济史其他领域的研究。
梁方仲具有先进的史学理念。他具备先进的史料观，体现为高度自觉的史料保存意识、史料范畴认识的广博性、史料运用的严谨性、注重将史料放置在历史当中进行考察等方面。在治学路径上，他践行着史学研究会“大处着眼，小处着手”的观点，坚持“小题大做”，力图做到既有对社会经济史整体图景的关怀，又有对“小”问题的精湛考析，并将“大”与“小”紧密结合。他治史具备国际视野，关注海外经济史学动向，能够在世界史的视域下把握中国社会经济史诸多问题。
梁方仲治史致力于推进史学的社会科学化。首先，他能够熟练准确地运用统计方法，在统计数据整理以及用统计数据证史方面，都有突出的成绩。其次，他治史贯彻着与社会科学相一致的现实关怀，使经济史研究服务于对现实问题的客观认识。再者，他坚持将史学视为社会科学的一部分，试图打通史学与其他门类社会科学的隔阂，做到对二者的融会贯通。既熟练运用社会科学治史，又以史学思维展开社会科学探研。与此同时，他坚持把握社会科学理论引入历史研究的限度，维护着史学的特色。
新中国成立后梁方仲史学既沿着原有路径前行，又在新的时代语境和学术思潮影响下有所更新。在马克思主义的影响下，梁方仲的学术眼光由明代经济史扩展至中国经济通史，史论发挥较既往有所增多、唯物史观指导得以贯彻。但整体上，新中国成立后梁方仲的经济史学，在关注领域、治学思维等方面非属同时期主流。改革开放后，梁方仲的经济史学遗产逐步得到发掘，他生前的治学领域和学术观点得到了后辈学人的高度重视，他的治学理念，对于被视为中国史学社会科学化代表力量的“华南研究”产生了深刻影响。

Liang Fangzhong is a famous Chinese economic historian in the 20th century. His research work has made important contributions to the Chinese economic historiography and social-science trend of historiography, and has left a strong mark in the history of Chinese historiography in the 20th century.
Since the 20th century, it has been an important aspect of the modern transformation of Chinese historiography to absorb the theories and methods of social science, advance to social science, and create economic historiography with modern significance. Since Liang Qichao 's " new historiography, " this trend has evolved consistently. In the 1930 s, the trend of social scientification of historiography evolved in depth, and economic historiography developed in many ways. The Institute of Social Sciences of the Academia Sinica is one of the representative academic forces.
Liang Fangzhong is a representative scholar of economic history who grew up from the Institute of Social Sciences of the Academia Sinica. He has a social science education background based on economics, and has embarked on the road of economic history research since graduate school. After graduating in 1934, he worked for a long time in the Peiping Social Survey Institute and the Institute of Social Sciences of the Central Academy of Sciences. Liang Fangzhong 's academic approach is greatly influenced by his academic platform. Liang Fangzhong 's academic career has gone through the mature period before the founding of New China and the transition period after the founding of New China. Liang Fangzhong 's life focused on the study of the Ming Dynasty 's tax system, and was famous for the study of the Ming Dynasty 's Liangzhang system, single whip policy and other issues. In addition, he also studied other fields of Chinese economic history.
Liang Fangzhong 's historiography presents advanced historical concepts. In the view of historical materials, it is reflected in the highly conscious awareness of the preservation of historical materials, the extensive understanding of the scope of historical materials, the rigor of the use of historical materials, and the emphasis on placing historical materials in history for investigation. On the path of academic research, he practiced the view of " focusing on the big and starting from the small " of the Historical Research Association, and insisted on " making a big deal of small problems, " trying to do not only care for the overall picture of social and economic history, but also do a superb examination and analysis of " small " problems, and closely combine " big " with " small. " Liang Fangzhong 's history has an international perspective, pays attention to the trend of overseas economic history, and can grasp many problems of Chinese social and economic history from the perspective of world history.
Liang Fangzhong 's economic historiography is committed to promoting the social-science trend of historiography. First of all, he can skillfully and accurately use statistical methods, and has outstanding achievements in the collation of statistical data and the use of statistical data to prove history. Secondly, his study of history carries out the realistic concern of social science, and makes the study of economic history serve the objective understanding of practical problems. Furthermore, he insisted on taking history as a part of social science, trying to break through the gap between history and social science, so as to achieve the integration of the two. He not only skillfully used social science to study history, but also carried out social science research with historical thinking. At the same time, he insisted on grasping the limits of the introduction of social science theory into historical research and maintained the characteristics of historical research.
After the founding of New China, Liang Fangzhong 's historiography not only followed the original path, but also updated under the influence of the new era context and academic trend of thought. Under the influence of Marxism, Liang Fangzhong 's academic vision expanded from the economic history of the Ming Dynasty to the general history of China 's economy, and the development of historical theories was guided by historical materialism. However, on the whole, Liang Fangzhong 's economic historiography after the founding of New China was not the mainstream of the same period in terms of areas of concern and academic thinking. After the reform and opening up, Liang Fangzhong 's economic history heritage has been gradually explored. His academic field and academic views have been highly valued by later generations of scholars. His academic ideas have had a profound impact on the ' South China Research ', which is regarded as the representative force of the social-science trend of historiography.